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TRANSACTIONS 



OF THE 








OF 



ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



YOLUME XI 



(CENTENNIAL VOLUME.) 



XEW HAVEN: 
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY 

1901-1903. 



THE TUTTLB, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR COMPANY, 



VII. — The Makine and Terrestrial Isopods op the Bermudas, 

WITH DESCRirTIONS OF NeW GeNERA AND SpECIES. 



By Harriet Richardson. 

[Collaborator, Smithsonian Institution,] 

1. Tlie Marine IsopoiU of the Bermudas, loith descriptions of 
thirteen Neio Species and three Neio Geyiera. 

There is almost no literature relating to the Marine Isopods of the 
Bermudas. 

In 1891 Ives* described and figured a ueAV species of Cymodocea 



from the Bermudas ((7. bermudensls), which has since heen referred 

to the genus Dynaniene. 

Several species of wide-spread distribution have been recorded 
from the Bermudas, as for example, Idotea marina (Linnseus), speci- 
mens of which are in the Smithsonian Institution. It was taken in 
abundance by the Yale party in 1901, in Hamilton Harbor. 

Spence Batef mentions, without any description, a species of 



Bopyrus from the Bermudas, parasitic on Latreutes ensif 



(Milne-Edwards) 



Boj 



latreuticolq Gissler, found on the same host at Beaufort, North 
Carolina, 

The material for the present paper is the result of three expedi- 
tions to the Bermudas : one in 1876-7, when Prof. 



, KJVAK^ *rx X^.V^ ., 





Goode collected a number of Isopods ; one in 1898, undertaken by 
Prof. A. E. Verrill and party ; and another in the spring uf 1901, 
by Prof. A. E. Verrill and Mr. A. H. Verrill. 

These collections contain both known and unknown 
Among the known species are to be mentioned specimens of Dyna- 
rnene bermtidensis Ives, and Idotea mariiia (Linnicus), already 




recorded from the Bermudas. 



•Also specimens of Corallana qnadrif'ornis Hansen, Alcirona 
krehsii Hansen, Nerocila acuminata Schioedte and Meinert, Byna- 
mene perforata Moore, and Cilicma caudate (Say), common to West 



*Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1891, p. 194. 

t Report of the Scientific T^esnlts of the Exp. Voyage of H. M, S. Challenger, 

xxiv, p. 582, 1888, 



27s M. Richarihon — Isopoth of the Hermudas. 

Indian waters ; Ttmais ecwolmii Milne-Edwards^ Leptochelia rapax 
Harger, and Leptochelia clubia (Kr^yer), the first and last named of 
wide distribution, and all tlaree common to tlie Northeast coast of 
America. These species have not been previously recorded from the 
Bermudas, 

The thirteen new species herein described are representatives 
of the following families : Apseudidw^ Authuridm^ Cirokmidmy 
Sphmromidm^ and J^aniridm, Three are the types of new genera. 



CHELIFERA or TANAIOIBEA. 



Family Tanaidse. 



Tanais cavolinii Milne-Edwards* 

Tanais cavolinii Milne-Edwards, in Andouin and Milne-EdwardSj Precis^ 

d'Eutomologiej ij pi. xxix^ fig. 1, 1828; Hist, Nat. des Crust., iii, p, 141 ^ pL 

xxxi, fig. 65 1840, 
TaBa/,s toM^nfast(5 Kr^yer^ Naturhist. Tidsstr., iv, p. 183, 1842; ibid, (2) ii^ 

p. 412, 1847; Voy, en Seand., Cnist., pi. xxvii, figs. Sa-q, 1849, Lillje- 

borg, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad, Forli,, Arg,, viii, p, 23^ 1851. Meiiiertj Crust. 

Isop. Amph. Dec. Danaise^ p, 86, 1877. 
Crosstirus tifiatus'RsLiMve, Fauna Notw eg eus, p. 39j pL 1, figs. 1-7, 1843. 
Tanais hwfieoMdatns Bate, B.eip. Brit. AsBoe*, 1860, p. 224, 1861. 
Tanais vittafufi Lilljeborg, Bidrag KS^nji. Crust. Tauaid, p, 29, 1865. Bate 

and Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust., ii, p. 125, 1866. Stebbing, Trans. 

Devon. Assoc, j 1874, p. 7, and 1879, p. 6 ; Ann, Mag, Nat, Hist., (4) xvii, p. 

78, 1876, Yerrill, Am. Jour. Sei. (3), x, p, B8, 1875. Harger, Proc. U. S. 

Nat. Mus., ii, p. 163, 1879 ; Eep, U. S. Fish Comra., pt, 6, p. 418-419. pi. 

xiii, figs. 81-83, 1880. 
Tanais tomentof^u^ G. O. SarSj Crust, of Norway, ii, pt. ij iij p. 13, pL y, 1896. 
Tanais Cavolinii Dollfus, BuU. Soc* ZooL de France, ixi, p. 307, 1897 ; Mem. 

de la Soe. Zool. de France, xi, p, 35, 1898. NormaUj Ann, Mag, Nat. Hist^ 

(7), iii, pp. 333-333, 1899. (See Norman for synonymy and full reference.) 

Hab. Castle Harbor, Bermudas^ in dead coral, collected by A, E, 
Verrill and party. 

Also found at Noank, Conn. ; Long Island Sound ; Greenland ; 
west coast of Norway ; Britisli IsleF5 ; West France ; Azores. 
Depth, 1-6 ft. (Yerrill)^, 



JL Richardson — Isopods of the Bermvdas. 279 



Tjeptochelia dubia (Kr^yer). 

Tanais dnbius Krdj^er, Naturli. Tidssk., iv, ^, 178, pi. ii, figs. 20-22, 1842-3. 
Paratanais algicola Havger, Am. Jour. Sci. and Art, xv, p. 377, 1878. 
Lepfochclki (fhflcola Harger, Report U. S. Fish Com., pt. 6, p. 421, 1880. 
Leptochelia dubia G. O. Sars, Archiv for Math, og Natiirvid., p. 26, 1880 ; and 



p. 317, pi. X, xi, 



w"* 




Leptochelia algicola Dollfiis, M^m. de la Soc. Zool. de France, xi, p. 44, 181)8. 
Leptochelia dubia Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist. (7), iii, p. 334, 1890. 
'i Leptochelia incerta Moore, Eeport U. S. Fish Com., ii, p. IG-l-lGG, 




There are two males and a small number of females in tlie collec- 
tion. The males and females agree with the original description and 
figures of X. dvhJa (Kr</)yer)5 the inner branch of the uropoda in 
both sexes consisting of five joiuts.* 

There are also two specimens in the collection^ both females^ which 
have the inner branch of the uropoda two- jointed. Although this 
may be a new species of Leptochelia^ I do not feel warranted with 
such scanty material, and with no males, to describe a new species of 
genus. 

Ilab. Castle ITarbor, Bermudas^ collected by A. E. Verrill and 
party, in 1898. Also Jersey ; Birterbuy Bay, Ireland ; Falmouth 
Harbor ; Valentia, Ireland ; ^Mediterranean ; Atlantic coast from 
Brittany to Senegal and Teneriffe ; Northeast coast of X. America ; 
Brazil. 




Leptochelia raj)ax Harger. 

Leptochelia rcqiax Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mnseum, ii, p. 163, 1879. Rei^ort 
U. S. Fish Comm., pt. vi, p. 424, pi. xiii, figs. 89, 90, 1880. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by AV. G. Van Name, May, 1901. 
Also found at Annisquam, Mass., in 3 feet of water, on muddy 
bottom. 



* There is no character of si^ecific importance to separate L. algicola Harger 
from L. dubia (Kv(pjev) the males and females of L. dubia in the collection from 
the Eermndas agreeing with Harger's specimens as figured and described, with 
the exception that the Bermndian specimens have five joints to the inner branch 
of the uropoda instead of six. St ebbing has pointed out (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 
(6) xvii, p. 158-159, 1896) that there is some variation in the number of joiuts 
in several species of Leptochelia^ and L. Edieay^dsii, which Kr^yer figures and 
describes as having seven joints to the inner branch, is n(»w recognized as a 
synonymy of L. savignyiy which is figured and described l)y the same author as 
having six joints. It is not improbable, as Stebbiug has suggested, that L. 
savignyi and L. dvhia are identical. 



280 M. Bichurclson — Isopods of the Bermudas, 



Family Apseudidae. 
Apseudes triangiilata Richardson ^ sp, nov: 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 1-5. 

Body narrow^ elongatedj surface smooth. 

Head with frontal margin produced at the middle in a rostrum 
like a spear pointy whose sides near the base are excavated below the 
lateral expansion of the rostrum* On either side of the excavation 
tliiis formed the margin is acutely produced in a small anterior pro- 
cess. Lateral to this process is the ocular process, which is pro- 
duced anteriorly about the same distance. The eyes are distinct 
and black and occupy almost the whole surface of the ocular lobe. 

The first pair of antennae liave the first Joint of the peduncle long, 
the inner lateral margin of which is armed with three long si)ines 
and one small one ; the outer margin ^ with one large spine near the 
apt'x. The second joint is one-third the length of the first joint and 
is unarmed. The third joint is one -half as long as the second joint. 
The flagellura is composed of about fourteen joints ; the secondary 
appendage of about seven joints. The peduncle of the second pair 
of antenna? extends to the end of the first joint of the peduncle of 
the first pair^ and has an exopod developed at the base of the third 
joint. The flagellura is comiK>sed of about ten joints^ and extends 
about half the length of the flagellum of the first pair of antennae. 
There is a prominent spine on the e pi stoma. 

The first free segrment of the thorax is shortest, the two following 
ones being longer, the next two the longest, and tiie last but little 
longer than the first. The first segment is as wide as the headj the 
others decrease in width gradually. The anterolateral margins of 
all the segments uxeept the first are produced into one acute process, 
of the fourth and fifth free segments into two acute processes. The 
last segment bears a ventral spine. 

The abdominal segments sjradnallv decrease in width backwards. 
The sixth or terminal segment is produced on either side near the 
base into two acute processes. Beyond the last process the segment 
widens slightly for the attachment of the uropoda, and ends pos- 
teriorly in a triangular process. Tlte uropoda are very long, the 
inner branch being half the length of the body^ and composed of 
about twenty-five joints. The outer branch is eomjjosed of seven 
joints. 

First gnathopods with the upper distal margin of the propodus, 
finely serrate and armed with a tooth near the articulation of the 



I. 



H, Richardson — Tsopods of tJte Be^^mndas. 281 



dactyluss. SecoiKl guatliopoJs have the raerus armed with one 
spine at its distal extremity on the posterior margin, and one on the 
anterior margin ; the carpus armed with two spines on its posterior 
and one on tlie anterior margin at the diistal extremity; the margin of 
tlie propodus armed with three spines on the posterior margin, and one 
large spine and one small one at the distal extremity on the anterior 
margin. The dactyhis is serrate on its inner margin. Exopods are 
present on Loth first and second guathopods. The other legs are 
beset with spines. 

The specimen is a female and has a large marMipium filled with 
eggs, extending the length of tlie first four free segments of the 
thorax. 

Only one individual was collected b}^ A. E. Verrill and party, in 
Harrington Sound, Bermudas. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 
3192. 



Apseudes propiuquus Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 6-9. 



Body narrow, elonsrated, surface smooth. 

Head with frontal margin produced in the middle in a long, acute, 
deflected process, from base of which on both sides there is an 
abrupt lateral expansion, the margin forming an outward curve 
which extends to the base of the ocular lobe and then proceeds 
straight to the lateral maroin of the head. Ocular lobe produced in 



an acute process. Eyes large, black, occupying the Avhole of the 



ocular lobe. 

First pair of antennae with first joint of peduncle long, and 
armed on inner lateral margin with two large spines and one small 
one near the base, and on distal end of outer margin with one large 
spine. Second joint less than one-third the length of first joint and 
unarmed. Third joint one-half as lung as second joint. Flagellum 
composed of sixteen joints. Secondary appendage composed of 
eight joints. Second pair of antennae with an exopod at base of third 
joint of peduncle ; flagellum comi)Osed of ten joints. There is a 
conspicuous spine on the epistoma. 

First two free segments of the thorax about equal in length, the 
three following ones longer, increasing in length, the last segment a 
little longer than tlie first two. The antero-lateral margins of all 
the segments are acutel}' produced, those of the fourth and fii'lh free 



282 U. Hieha/rdmn — Isoporls of the Sermndas, 

segments have two an tero -lateral angulations* There is an anteriorly 
directed curved spine on the ventral surface of the firnt free seg- 
ment. On the ventral surface of the second segment there is a 
etraight spine directed posteriorlj. The third, fourth, and fifth seg- 
ments bear each a ventral curved spine directed anteriorly. The 
sixth segment has on the ventral surface a large, stout process. 

The lateral margins of all the first five abdominal segments are 
drawn out in acute processes- 

The terminal segment hdi^ two lateral angulations above the 
attachment of the uropoda. The posterior margin is triangulate. 
The inner branch of the uropoda is very long^ equal in length to 
half the body, and is composed of thirty -four joints. The outer 
branch consists of eleven joints. 

The fii"st gnathopods liave a tooth on the distal margin of the 
propodus near the articulation of the dactyl us. There is a con- 
spicuous spitu^ on the posterior margin uf the basis. 

The second gnathopods have one spine at tlie distal end of the 
merus on the anterior margin ; one spine at the distal end of the 
carpus on the anterior margin and two spinas on the posterior mar- 
gins of the sami- jnint ; four spines on the posterior margin of the 
propodus and two on the anterior margin at the distal extreinit}- ; 
the dactyhis is serrate along the inner marn-iu, Exopods are present 
on both first and second gnathopods. The other legs are beset with 
spines. 

A few specimens, both males and females, w^ere collected by A, 
E. Verrill and party at Bailey Uay and Castle Harbor^ Bermudas, 
in 1 bUd. 

Type S|>ecimen from the Bermudas in Peabudy iluseum, Yale 
University, Cat. No. 3194. 

This s|*ecies is very closely related to Apstudes intermedhii^ 
Hansen* but differs in the following points, 

1. — The first joint of the peduncle of the first pair of antennse is 
armed with three spines on the inner margin^ and one spine un the 
outer margin at the distal end. In A. biter medu is j this joint is 
unarmed, 

2. — In the increased number of joints in the flagflla of both pairs 
of antennaBj there being sixteen joints in the flagellum of the first 
]>air of antenntej eight in the secondary appendagCj and ten in the 
flagellum of the second pan* of antenna?j while in Dr. Hansen's spe- 

*Isopocleiij Cumaceen, und StomatopodeJi der PlaBkton-Expedition^ p. 49-50, 
pi. V, fig. 10-1 Oh, pL vi, flg, 1, 1895, 



77. Jiichardson — Isopoch of the JSermudas. 283 



cies the flagellum of the first pair of antennnp is composed of seven 
joints, the secondary appendage of three joints, and the flagelhun of 
the second jiair of antennne of four joints. 

3. — Tn the much greater length of the uropoda, the inner branch 
of wliich in A. propinquns is half the length of tlie body and com- 
posed of thirty-four joints, the outer branch consisting of eleven 
joints, while in A. mtermcrflus the outer branch has only four joints, 
and the inner branch is only twice the length of the terminal abdo- 
minal segment and is composed of only fifteen joints. 



Parapseudes goodei Eichardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 10-14. 

Surface of bodv smooth : color li^rht yellow. 



Head but slightly narrowed anteriorly. Eyes with large, brown 
ocelli and placed on ocular processes, articulated to the head. 
Frontal margin with a rostrum projecting between the basal joints 
of the first pair of antennae. The base of the rostrum is constricted, 
the anterior margin broadlv rounded. 

The first pair of antennae have the peduncle short, the first joint 
twice as long as the' second, the third half as long as the second, all 
three with margins smooth, unarmed, but fringed with long hairs. 
The flagellum consists of seven joints ; the secondary appendage of 
four joints. The second pair of antenuoB extend only to the end of 
the peduncle of the first pair; the flagellum contains five joints; a 
scale is articulated to the peduncle. 

The first, second and third free thoracic segments are about equal 
in length, the following three being longer than the first three, and 
sub-equal. The first and second segments have a small epimeral 
lobe on the antero-lateral margin. The third segment has a small 
lobe about the center of the lateral margin. The lobes of the three 
following segments are situated post-laterally. 

The abdomen is very short ; all the segments togetlier not equal- 
ling in length the last two thoracic segments. The first five seg- 
ments have the margins produced at the sides, with deeji lateral 
incisions between the segments. 

The terminal segment is triangulate posteriorly with the apex acute. 



uropoda are quite half the length of the body ; the inner 




branch consisting of about twenty-five joints, the outer and smaller 
branch consisting of six joints. There are but four pairs of pleo- 
poda. 



384 H. Richardson — Isojyods of the Bermudas, 

The first pair of legs of the female are much more slender than 
those of the male. In the male there is a deep excavation on the 
distal margin of the propodus near the articulation of the dactyl us^ 
while in the female this excavation is comparatively smalL In the 
male there is a spine within this excavation and one on the dactylus, 
both situated at the articulation of the dactylus and the propodus. 
Exopods are present on both pairs of gnathopods. All the other 
legs are very spinnlose. 

A few specimens (types) were collected by A. E. Verrill and party 
in 1 898j at Castle Harbor, Bermiidas, and one specimen was collected 
by G. Brown Goode at the Bermudas in 1876-7. 

Type in Peabody Museum^ Yale University. Cat. No. 3222. 

This species has a close resemblance to Parapseudes latifrons 
(Grtibe),* but differs in the following characters: in P. goodei the 
first pair of gnathopods are more rol.>ust ; the propodus has a deep 
excavation near the articulation of the dactylus^ within which is a 
large spine. There is also a spine on the dactylus, 

The rostrum is constricted at the base in P, goodei^ while in P, 
latifroiis the line is unbroken from the apex of the rostrum to the 
lateral margin of the head. 

The secondary appendage of the flagelluni of the first antennse is 
composed of four joints in P. goodei while in P. latifrons this 
appendage is composed of seven joints. The flagelluraof the second 
pair of antenna? consists of five joints in P, goodei, while in Grftbe's 
species it consists of eight joints. 



FLABELLIFEBA or CYMOTHOIDEA, 

Family Anthuridse. 

Paranthura infundibulata Eichardson, &p, nov, 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 15^20. 

S * Body narrow, elongate ; color yellow, with markings of black. 

Head with antero-lateral angles prominent, betw^een which the 
frontal margin is excavate for the reception of the antennns, the mid- 
dle being produceci in a conspicuous mcilian point. The eyes are 
situated in the anterolateral prolongations. 



"^ Rhoea latifronfi Grnbe^ Die Inael Lusshi ftnd ihre Meeresfatina, p. 75, 1864. ■! 

PamjhV'iuirs latifrons G. 0, SarSj Archiv for Matli. og Naturvidenskab, Vol. 
xij p. 304, pi. Yiiij 1886. 




n. Richardson — Tsopods of the Bermudas. 285 



The first pair of aiitcMinae have the basal joint long, oblong in 
shape, the other two joints of the peduncle being short and about 
equal in leni^th ; the flagellnm consists of nine joints. 

The second pair of antenna have the second joint of the peduncle 



very long, slightly exceeding in length the first and second pedun- 
cular joints of the first pair of antennoe. The second antennie are 
geniculate at the articulation of the second and third ioints. The 
other three joints, following the second, are of nearly equal length. 
The flagelluni consists of a single tapering joint, furnished with 
hairs. 

The first three thoracic segments are about equal in length, 
elongate, the first two having their posterior angles rounded. The 
fourth, fifth and sixth segments are equal in length, and one- 
third shorter than the first three. The seventh segment is about half 
as long as the preceding one, and has the posterior angles produced 
downwards. 

The segments of the abdomen are distinct, and very short, all five 
anterior to the terminal segment being no longer tlian half thelemrth 



of the seventh thoracic segment. The terminal segment is long and 
narrow, of the same width throughout its length, except at the apex, 
where the lateral margins are abruptly drawn out into processes, 
which curve upwards, giving a funnel-shaped appearance to the pos- 
terior end of the segment, which is very concave. The posterior 
margin is truncate and coarsely denticulate. 



The inner branches of the uropoda do not quite reach the extremity 
of the terminal abdominal segment. The basal joint is about half 
the length of the terminal abdominal segment. The inner branch is 
extremely concave, with its entire margin denticulate, its ventral sur- 
face having a longitudinal carina. The outer and superior branch is 
long and narrow, quadrangular and somewhat narrowed posteriorly, 
and from the middle slightly curving upward, coarsely denticulate on 
its inner lateral and posterior margin, the teeth being rather widely 
separated. The branches of the uropoda and the terminal abdominal 
segment are fringed with hairs. 

The first, second and third pairs of legs are sub-cheliform. The 
second and third pairs have the propodus similar in shape to the first 
pair, but more slender and armed on their posterior margin with 
seven or eight large conspicuous spines. The other legs are longer 
and more slender, and armed with four siTmes on the anterior margin 
of both the carpus and the propodus. 



286 H^ Richardson — Jsopods of the Bermudas, 

A luimber of specimenSj all males, were collected by George Brown 
Goode in 1876-7, at the Bermudas. 

Type specimens in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 

3207. 



Parantliura verrillii Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 21-32. 

Body narrow, elongate* Color dark brown, with scattered black 

dots- 
Head with lateral angulations prominent, rounded, between which 
the front is excavate on either side of a small median point. Eyes 
large, situated in the lateral angulations. 

First pair of antenna have the first joint of the peduncle oblong, 
the other two shorter and about equal in length, flagellum six to 
seven jointed. The second pair of antennae have a five-jointed 
peduude, (the first joint being short and indistinct,) of which the 
second and fifth joints are longest, the flagellum being consolidated 
into a single, flattened, tapering joint, furnished with hairs. 

The first five thoracic segments are of equal length. The sixth is 
somewhat shorter than any of the others, and the seventh is half as 
long as the sixth. 

The abdominal segments are distinct, the iirst five taken together 
being no longer than the seventh thoracic segment. The terminal 
abdominal segment is long and narrow, rectangular in shape, with 
margins entire. The basal joint of the uropoda is half as long as 
the terminal segment of the abdomen ; the inner branch is rectangu* 
laFj coarsely denticulate, and reaches the apex of the telson. The 
outer superior branch is narrow, elongate, rectangular, with mar- 
gins coarsely denticulate, the teeth being close together. 

The branches of the uropoda and the terminal abdominal segment 
are fringed with long hairs. 

The first three pairs of legs are sub-chelate. The second and third 
pairs have the posterior margin of the propodus armed with spines, 
as in the preceding species. In the following four pairs of legs the 
anterior margin of the propodus is armed with four spines* 

A single female was collected by A. E. Verrill and party in 1898, 
at the Bermudas. Depth, 1-2 feet. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat, Ko. 
3186, 



H. Richardson — laopods of the Bermadas. 28 



J.Oi 



Colantliura Richardson, gen nuv. 



Body narrow, elongate. First pair of antenna? composed of four 
joints, the last joint being the flagellar joint. Second pair of antennne 
composed of five joints, the terminal joint fringed with hairs. 

The first six segments of the thorax large, the seventh very short, 
abruptly narrower than the sixth, not as wide as the abdominal 
segments and devoid of legs. 

The first three pairs of legs are sub-chelate, the three following 
pairs ambulatory. 

The abdominal segments are well defined and distinct from one 
another. The terminal abdominal segment is rounded, entire. The 
inner branch of the uropoda is likewise rounded; the outer and 
superior branch arches over the telson. 

This genus agrees with both ITyssura Norman and Stebbing and 
Criiregaas Chilton in the absence of the seventh pair of legs, but 
differs from the first named in the structure of the antennae, both 
pairs of antenna? in ITi/ ssur a \i2Lymg multi-articulate flagella; in the 
f^tructure of the outer branch of the uropoda, ivhich in Hyssura does 
not arch over the telson; and in the structure of the mouth parts. 
Colanthiira differs from Cruregans in the presence of eyes, which 
are wanting in CrureganSy and in the structure of the outer branch 
of the uropoda, the outer branch in Cruregans being very narrow 
and not arching over the squamiforni telson, while in Colanthura 
the outer branch is broad and arches over the rounded terminal sesr- 
ment. The structure of the mouth parts is the same as found in the 
genera Paranthiiray Calathura and Cruregans. 



Colanthura tenuis Eicliardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XXXVIII. Figures 23-28. 



BodjMiarrow, elongate; surface smooth; color light yellow. Head 
with a prominent median process extending between the first pair of 
antennae. Antero-lateral angles prominent, produced, reaching the 
distal end of the first joint of the peduncle of the first pair of antenmB. 
Ej^es large, conspicuous. 

First pair of antennae consist of four joints, the terminal or flagellar 
joint being fringed with long hairs. The second i)air of antenna? 
are composed of five joints, the terminal joint being fringed with 



hairs. 



The first three thoracic segments are about equal in length. The 
fourth and fifth seoments are each much lonoer than any of the 



288 H. Richardson — Impods of the Bermudas, 

three preceding sestmeiits^j and are about alike in size. The ssixtb 
segment is short, not quite as long as any one of the first three seg- 
ments. The seventh is very short, heing one-third the length of the 
sixth segment^ and in both specimens examined is devoid of legs. 
^ The segments of the abdomen are distinetj the first five together 
not being as long as the sixth thoracic segment. The last thoracic 
segment is abruptlj narrower than the sixth^ and is likewise some- 
what narrower than the abdominal segments. 

The terminal segment of the body is linguifornij the posterior 
margin evenly rounded and smooth. The inner branch of the 
uropoda is likewise rounded posteriorly with a smooth margin. The 
outer and superior branch arches over the telson. Both branches, 
as well as the terminal abdominal seanient, are fringed with hairs. 

The first pair of legs are cheliform^ the propodus unarmed. The 
second and third pairs are also cheliformj but smaller, with the pro- 
podus armed on the posterior margin with five spines. The three 
following pairs of legs are ambulatory in character. The seventh 
pair are wanting. 

Two specimens were collected by A. E. Yerrill and party at the 
Bermudas in 1S98, Both specimens are adult females^ the marsupium 
in one being very large and extending the entire length of the thorax^ 
from the second segment. 

Type specimen in Peabody Miiseumj Yale University. Cat. No. 

3252. 

Anthelura affinis RicliardKODy sp, nov. 

Plate XXXVIIl. Figures 29-33, 

Body narrow, elonijate. Head with small median point. Eyes 
distinct, situated in antero-lateral angulations. 

Antennae of both pairs with flagella consisting of severM joints, 
and fringed with long hairs at the tip. Maxillipeds consist of five 
joints- 
First three thoracic segments about equal in length. Three fol- 
lowing segments somewhat longer, and sub-equal. Seventh segment 
fully half the length of precedinir ^^egment. 

All the segments of the abdomen distinctly defined. Terminal 
segment narrowly linguifornij roundly triangulate at the apex and 
with smooth margins. 

Outer superior V)raneh of uiupoda lungj oval, reaching quite to the 
extremity of the terminal abdominal segment, and arching over the 
telson. Inner branch with r)Ostei'ior mar^^in widely rounded and 



Zr JRichardso7i — Tsopods of the BermuJ^fS. 289 



extending bcvond telson. Both brandies have the margins smooth, 
entire. 

First gnathopods with small hand. Dactylus short. Free inner 
margin of propodiis furnishuJ w ith hairs. Seeond giiathopods and 
first poriopods shnilar in shape to, but smaller in size than, first pair 
of gnathopods;. The free inner margin of the proj)odus is beset with 
two spines, the earpus with one spine. The remaining periopods 
have a single spine at the distal margin of the propodus and two 
spines on the earpus. 

One speeimen, a female, was collected by A. E. Verrill at the Ber- 
mudas in 1901. 

4 

Type in Peabody Museum of Yale University. Cat. Xo. 3349. 

This species differs from A. elongata Xorman, in the shape of the 
outer branch of the uropoda, in the length of both branches, as com- 
pared with the terminal abdominal segment, and in the fact that the 
margins of the outer branch in our species are smooth and not cren- 
ulate, as in A. elongata. 




Family Cirolanidae. 
isthus Eichardson, gen. nov. 

Head transversely elongated. Eyes situated in the middle of the 
lateral margins at the extreme edge and elevated knob-like above the 

surface. 

Both pairs of antenna? short; second pair reach the posterior mar- 
gin of the first thoracic segment. 

First five abdominal sesrments consolidated into one short segment. 



Terminal segment strongly keeled in the median longitudinal line. 



Colopisthus parvus, Richardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XXXVIII. Figures 33-36. 



Head transversely elliptical, the anterior and posterior margins 
rounded. The eyes are situated in the middle of the lateral maroins 
at the extreme edge, and are elevated above the surface of the head 
like knobs. The head is concave between the eves. 



The first pair of antenntB are short, not much longer than the 
width of the head, and reach the end of the last peduncular joint of 
the second pair of antennae; the flagelhim contains three joints. 

The second pair of antennne are also short, extending to the pos- 
terior margin of the first thoracic segment; flagcllum consists of 
seven joints. 

Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XI. 19 January, 





290 H. Michardson — Isopoih of the JSermudas, 

TJie iirst tboraeic Begment is longest. The others are sub -equal 
with wfll defined epimeia. 

The first five abdominal segments are all coalesced into one seg- 
ment The terminal segment is triangular and strongly keeled along 
the median longitudinal line. 

The inner T>ranehes of the nropoda extend beyond the tip of the 
terminal i^eument, are broadly oyal and frni-cd with hairs. The 
outer branches are narrowly oval, about half as wide as the inner 
branches^ and shorter. 

Color light yellow, with numerous black dots. 

About seven specimens were collected by A, E. Verrill and party 
at Bailey Bay, Bermudas^ in 1S9S. Found at low water in corallines. 
Others were cnllected in 1901 at Waterloo, on Castle Harbor^ Ber- 
muda?^. 

Type specimen from the Bermudas in Peabody Museumj Yale 
University. Cat. No. 3179- 

Fainily CorallanidBB, 

Corallana quadricornis Hansen. 

Coraiknia quadriconiis Hansen, Yidensk. Selsk* Skr. (6), natur. og math. 
Afd., V, p, 383, pi vii, fig. 3, 1890. 

-I 

Hab. Bermudas, at the Flatts; at Long Bird Island in the cavities 
of a massive^ black keraotse sponge^ living on the grassy sand -flats at 
low tide; Castle Ilarborj in the same sponge. Also St, Thonias, 
West Indies, 

Family Alcironidee. 

Alcirona krebsii Hansen. 

Alcircma ki-ebsii Hansen, Vidensk. Selst, Skr. (6), natur. og math. Afd,, y, 
pp. 391-393, pi, viii, figs. 1-19, 1890. 

Plate XXXVIII, Figures 38a, 38&, 

Hab. Castle Harbor^ Bermudas, in the cavities of living bathing 
sponges and in dead coral. Two specimens (No, 33^ 34) were 
taken from the fins of a Hamlet Grouper^ in May;* St Thomas^ 
West Indies. 



* The colors of thesej in life, were as follows : Gronnd color, pale flesh-eolor ; 
head and tail, yellowish brown ; seyen transversej irregular bands of yellowish 
brown, those of the middle of the body with two points projecting forward^ so 
as to show a tendency to form two dorsal lines of brown. A. E, V, 



i 



77. Hichardson — Isoiwds of the JBermudas, 291 



Family Cymothoidae. 

Nerocila acuminata Schioedte aud ileinert. 

Nerociln acuminata Schioedte and Meinert, Xaturliist. Tidsskr., sjii. pp. 48- 
oO, pL iii, figs. 5-6, 1881-83. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by George Brown GooJe in 18T6-7. 
Also recorded from Beloxi, 3Iiss.; St. Anna, Mexico ; Fort Macon, 
North Carolina. / 



Family Sphaeromidae. 



Cilicaea caudata (Say). 



Xesea caudata Say, Jour. Pliil. Acad., i, p. 482, 1818. Milne-Edwards, Hist. 

Nat. des Ciaistaces, iii, p. 219, 1840. 
Cymoclocea caudata Ives, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 188, pi. vi, figs. 11-14, 




Ciliccea caudata Richardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, xxiii, p. 536, 1901. 

Hab. Bermudas, at Harrington Sound, Castle Harbor, and the 
Flatts. Also Egg Harbor, X. J.; Beaufort, ]S\ C; Ko Kame Key, 
Fla.'; between Salt Pond Key and Stock Island ; Key West, Fla. ; 
Sugarloaf Key, Fla. ; N. W. end St. Martin's Heef, Fla.; Sarasota 
Bay, Fla,; off Progreso, Yucatan. 

Found on the surface; also at the depth of 1 to 12 feet. 



Dynamene bermudensis (Ives). 

Cymodocea bermtidensis Ires^ Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 194, pi. vi, figs. 
15, 16, 1891. 

Hab, Bermudas. Also Punta Rassa, Fhi.; Cedar Keys, Fla.; Key 
We6t, Fla ; Xo Xame Key, Fla.; Sarasota Bay, Fla.; Beaufort, N. C. 



Dynamene perforata !Moore. 

Dynamene perforata Moore, Eeport tJ. S. Fish Com., ii, ^jp. 173-174, pi, x, 



figs. 9-19, 1901. 



Plate XXXIX. Figuke 39. 




Head broader than lonsr ; eyes situated post-laterally. First pair 
of antennae with the first two peduncular joints large, the second 
half as long as the first ; the third joint long and slender, twice as 
long as second joint ; tiagellum consists of seven joints. The first 
two peduncular joints of the second pair of anteniue are of e 
length ; the folh^wing three of equal length and longt*r than the first 
two ; the flagellum consists of about seven joints, and extends to the 
posterior margin of the third thoracic segment. 

The thoracic segments are of tqual length, with tlie exception of 
the first, which is slightly longer. The seventh segment is produced 



292 



H. Richardson — Isopods of the JBer^mtdas, 



backwards in two rounded lobes, one on either side of the median 
line, and close together. 

The first abdominal segment has tw^o suture lines at either gide, 
indicative of coalesced segments. The terminal Begnient is very con- 
vex at the base, and has four small tubercles^ forming a square on 
the convexity. Its apex has a heart-sshaped openings formed by the 
proh>ngation of the lateral marginSj whicli prolongations meet an- 
teriorly, and are divergent ]M)sterior]y, m that a triangular excava- 
tion is formed on the posterior end of the segment immediately 
below the heart-shaped opening. 

The two branches of the uropoda are similar in shape and size. 
They are large, very much expanded^ rounded posteriorly, with mar- 
gins distinctly crenulate or denticulate, and extend some distance 
beyond the tip of the terminal abdominal segment. 

The color is brown, with markings of black. Surface smooth^ 
with the exception of the abdomen, which is very granular. 

A number of specimens (13) were collected by George Brown 
Goode in 1876-7, at the Bermudas. 

Several specimens differ from the specimen described in not having 
the 7th tlioracic segment produced in lobes, and are without the four 
small tubercles at base of terminal segment. Several differ in hav- 
ing the uropoda not longer than the terminal segment. 

The females do not have the heart-shaped opening in the terminal 



segment- 



Specimens described are in Peabody Museum^ Yale University. 
Cat, No. 3204. 

The al>ove species was described and figured as new, but the 
manuscript had not been sent to print when Mr. Moore's Report on 
the Porto Rican Isopoda was published, in which he described 
Jjj/namene perforates 

It w^as thought best to publish the author^s description and figures, 
for although in the text IFr: Moore mentions the fact that the 
uropoda are serrate or crenulate^ he does not show this in his di^aw* 
ings. The figures published here bring out this point. 



Sphaeroiiia crenulatnm Richardson, sp, no v. 

Plate XXXIX. Figure 40. 

Surface of body smooth. Color, light brown, with markings of 
black. 

Head rounded in front wdth small median point, on either side of 
which is small excavation. Eyes situated post-laterally. 



IL liicharchon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 203 



First ])air of aiiteniuie with the first joint of the peduncle long ; 
second joint half as long as first ; third joint equal in length to first ; 
flagcllum of five joints reaches the post-lateral margin of the head. 

Second pair of antennie extend to the middle of the first thoracic 
secrment. 

Thoracic segments suhcqual. Lateral margins straight. Epimera 

distinctly separated from segments. 

First abdominal segment long^ a little longer than any of tlie 
thoracic seffraents, with two suture lines. Terminal segment very 
convex, surface smooth, posterior margin widely rounded. Uropoda 
not extending beyond tip of terminal segment. Inner branch some- 
what pointed at its extremity, margin smooth. Outer branch widely 
rounded and crenulate on the posterior edge. 

Legs similar, all ambulatory, with small curved dactyli. 

A number of specimens were colkH-ted at the Bermudas in ISVG-Y, 
by George Brown Goude. 

Type in Peabody Museum, Yale UnivLrsity. Cat. No. 3250. 



VALVIFERA. 





Idotea marina (Linnaeus). 

Oniscus marinus Linm^uSj Fauna Suecica, p. 500, 1761 ; Syst. Nat. (eel. xii), 




p. 1060, i: 

Oniscus tridens Seopolij Eiitom. Carniolica, p. 415, 1763. 
Oniscus balticus Pallas, Spic. Zool. (9), p. 67, ]}\. iv\ fig. 6, 1772. 
Stenosoma irrorata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., i, p. 423, 1818, 
Idotea tricuspidata Desmavest, Diet, des Sci. Nat., xxviii, j>. 373, pi. xlvi, fig. 

11, 1823. 
Idotea irrorata Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat Cr., iii, p. 132, 1840. Verrill and 

Smitli, Invert. Vineyard Sd., pp. 22, 275, pi. v, fig. 23, from Eeport U. S. 

Comm. Fish and Fisheries, i, pp. 316, 569, 1873. Harger, Eep. U. S. Fish 

Comm., pt. 6, p. 343, pi. v, lig. 24-26, 1880. 
Idotea marina Miers, Journ. Linn. Sec. Lond., xvi, p, 25-31, 1883. (See 

Miers for synonymy.) 

Ilab. Bermudas, at the Flatts Inlet, collected by A. E. Verrill and 
party. Also British l^les ; Kattegat ; Baltic ; Dutch coast ; coast 
of France; Mediterranean; Bhick and Caspian Seas; Atlantic coast 
of North America, from Nova Scotia and the Gulf of St. Lawrence 
to North Carolina. South America at Desterro and Rio Janeiro, 
Brazil ; New Zealand ; Bed Sea ; Java. 



294 ^ liicIud'JsQii — Z j/ods of th Benniidas. 



ASELLOTA or ASELLOIDEA. 

Family Janiridae, 
Carpias Riehardsoiij gen. nov. 

Head witbout rostrum ; frontal margin straight. Both pairs of 
antemige multi-articulate ; the second pair oiueh longer than the 
iMHly, and with a scale-like appendage articulaterl to the peduncle. 
XTropoda long, much longer than abdomen. 

The first pair of legs in the male are prehensile and remarkably 
long, being one and two-thirds times the length of the body ; are 
greatly enlarged distally, forming a broad club -like hand armed with 
triangular processeSj to which is articulated a moveable finger, the 

I 

propodusSj likewise armed with triangular processes. 

The ambulatory legs are simple^ biunguiculatej and are of normal 
structure. 



Carpias bermudensis Richardsonj sp, no v. 

Plate XXXIX, Figures 42-45. Plate XL, Figure 41, 

Surface of body siuooth. Culur yellow, with odd shaped markings 
of black. 

Head narrower than first thoracic segment^ with lateral margins 
roundedj entire. Frontal margin straight, antero-lateral angles not 
produced, rounded. Eyes large, with many ocelli, and situated on 
the lateral margins of the head. 

The fivst pair of antennae have the basal segment of the peduncle 
enlarged^ the next two segments successively narrower, all about 
equal in length ; the flagellum is multi-articulate, composed of about 
fourteen joints. The second pair of antennas have a scale -like 
appendage outside of the third joint ; the fourth and fifth joints are 
long, the fifth a little longer tlian the fourth ; the flagellum is much 
longer than the body, and is composed of about one hundred joints. 

The first thoracic segment is wider than the head ; tlie lateral 
margins are straight, entire. The second and third sesjments have 
the lateral margins excavate, the anterior and posterior angles pro- 
duced, with the epimeron situated in the excavation. The fourth 
segment hag the anterior angle produced, the epimeroii being situ- 
ated in the excavation of the entire posterior part of the segment. 
The fifth, sixth and seventh segments have the lateral margins entire^ 
the epimeron showing at the posterior part of tlie segment. 



H. Richardson — Tsojjods of the Bermudas. 295 



The terminal segment of the hody is about as hroad as long, the 
entire margin smooth, with a small rounded lobe between the basal 
joints of the uropucla. 

The uropoda are very long, much longer than the abdominal 



segment. The basal joint is about two-thirds the length of the 
abdominal segment, and is narrower at the base than at the apex. 
The two branches are of nearly equal length, the outer one being 
sligrhtlv shorter, and are longfer than the basal joint. 

The first pair of legs in the male are remarkably long, being one 



and two-thirds times the length of the body, and are prehensile. 
The basis is as lono- as the width of the first thoracic seq;nient, and 
has the distal end very much enlarcred and inflated. The ischium is 



not more than half the lenu'th of the basis. The merus is a little 
longer than the basis, and is enlarged at its distal end. The carpus 
is very much elongated, is longer than the ischium, is greatly 
enlarged distally, and has its upper distal margin armed with three 
large triangularly-shaped processes. The propodus has the inner sur- 
face armed with two long, sharp triangular processes, its distal end 



being widely expanded and rounded on the inner surface. The 
dactylus is biunguiculate. 

The other legs are of normal structure, ambulatory in character, 
and biunguiculate. In the female the first pair of legs are similar 
in structure and size to the other leijs. 

A number of individuals were collected by Georoe Brown Goode 

w en? 

at the Bermudas. 

Tvpe specimens in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. Ko. 

3203. 



Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XXXIX. Figures 46-49. 

Body long, narrow, depressed. Color light yelhiw, with markings 
of black. 

Head narroAved posteriorly, widening anteriorly' ; tlie anterolateral 
angles produced into narrow acute processes, curving slightly inward; 
the anterior margin is jiroduced in a rostrum, which is truncafrd, on 
either side of which is a triangular process. Eyes obli'|Ucly situated 
on tlie anterior portion of the head. 

First pair of antennae are placed between tlie two triangular pro- 
€esses and the rostrum ; the first peduncular joint is hirge, bruad, 
the two following joints narrow; the tlagolhim is composed of nine 



29 a S, lilchardso)! — Tsopods of the Bernmdas. 

joints and reacbs a little beyond the middle of the fourth peduncular 
joint of the second pair of antemuB- 

The second pair of anteniK^ have the first tliree joints short, the 
third joint being provided with an exopod, the fourth and fifth joints 
long and of equal length ; the flagellum is multi -articulate. 

The first thoracic segment has the lateral margins straight, the 
anterior angles acutely produced forw ards. The lateral margins of 
the second, third and fourth segment are also straight, with the 
epimera evident about the middle. 

The fifth and sixth segments have the posterior half of tlie lateral 
margin rounded^ tlie epimera evident lielow. The seventh segment 
\vm the lateral margin acutely produced posteriorly, the epimera 
evident on the posterior margin of the segment within the processes. 
The thoracic sep^nents are all widelv separated from each other bv 
deep lateral incisions. 

The terminal segment of the body has the lateral margin produced 
backwards in two small spines, between which the posterior margin 
is widely rounded. The ui'opoda are double branched^ the branches 
being nearly equal in length and about as long as tlie basal joint. 

The first pair of legs are subchelate. In the male the car{>us is 
postero-distally produced In a markedly long process^ which extends 
half the length of the propodus, its entire margin being fringed with 
long hairs. The propodus is elongate, its lower two- thirds being 
fringed with long hairs on the posterior margin^ the !i])per third or 
distal margin being px'ovided with three large spines, the inner one 
being bifurcate ; the dactylus is long and also frhiged with hairs 
upon its inner margin, and extends half its length be^'ond the last 
digital spine, almost touching the carpal process. The ischium is 
antero-distally produced in a short process. 

The other legs are simple, blunguiculate. 

In the female the carpus of the first pair of legs is not produced in 
as long a process as in the male. The propodus is shorter than in 
the male, more triangular in shape, denticuhite on its distal margin, 
with a long, acute, digital spine. The dactylus does not extend be- 
yond the digital spine. The ischium is antero-distally produced in a 
process fringed with hairs, 

A number of in di\'i duals were taken by A. E. Verrill and party at 
Bniley Bay, Bermudas, in corallines, at low water, and at Harring- 
ton Sound, in J 898, Other specimens were collected at the Bermu- 
das in 1S76~7 by G. B. Goode, 

Type specimens from Harrington Sound in Peabudy Museum, Yale 
University. Cat. No. 3209. 



H. Jlichardson — IsojJods of the Bermudas. 297 



Janira minuta Ricliardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XXXIX. Figures 50-52. 



Surface of body smootli. Color light yellow, almost white, spotterl 
with black. 

Head with frontal margin straight ; eyes large, conspicuous, oblong, 
and situated at the lateral margin. First pair of antennne with the 
three jieduncular joints equal in length, the first one, hoAvever, being 
very much the broadest, the second a little stouter than the third ; 
flagellum multi-articulate, composed of about ten or eleven joints. 
The second pair of antennae have a scale outside the third joint of 
the peduncle ; flagellum multi-articulate, much longer than the body. 




acic segments subequal in length. First segment with the 
lateral margin entire, epimeron not evident from a dorsal view. 
Second and third segments with margins entire, straight, epimera 
evident about the middle of the semnents. Fourth seu'ment with the 
posterior half of the lateral margin slightly excavate, the epimeron 
evident in the excavation. The last three segments with the lateral 
margins entire, the epimera evident as small lobes at the post-lateral 
angles. 

The terminal segment is about as broad as long, rounded posteriorly 
with a median lobe between the peduncular joints of the uropoda. 



The uropoda extend much beyond the terminal segment, being 



longer than that segment. The outer branch is somewhat shorter 
than the inner branch ; both branches are longer than the peduncle, 
and are fi'inged with long hairs. 

In the female the first pair of legs are prehensile ; the others 
are simj^le walking legs, with biunguiculate dact3"li. In the male, 
however, the first pair of legs are modified, though prehensile. The 
carpal joint is very much enlarged and is produced on the inside, at 
its outer distal end, in a long, acute process, between which and the 
articulation of the jiropodus are two long acute processes about half 
as long as the outer process. The propodus is similar to that of the 
female ; the dactylus is biunguiculate. 

A number of specimens, both males and females, were collected by 
A. E. Verrill and paity in 1808, at Castle IIarl>or, Bermudas. 

Type specimens in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. Nos. 
3194 and 3261. 



298 II. Blehardson — Isopo^Is of the Bermndas, 



Joeropsis rathbunse Kichardsonj sp, uov, 

Plate XL. Figures 53j 51, 55a j 55&j 55c. 

Body elongate, depiessed, segments loosely articulated ; surface 
smooth; color uniformly light, almost white. 

TTefid with a median excavation, on either side of which the fron- 
tal margin is produced into angulations. On eitlter side of these 
angulations is another excavation, on the outside of w hich are lateral 
angulations* A rounded lube is placed in the median excavation. 
The eyes are small and are situated near the lateral margins about 
half way between the anterior and posterior margins. The first pair 
of anteunge consist of five joints^ the two first joints being large^ the 
three following ones small^ the last fringed with hairs. The second 
pair of antennae have a rudimentary Hagelkmij consisting of five or 
six joints ; the peduncle has the third and fifth joints long and oval 
in shape^ the fourth joint somewhat triangular. 

The thoracic segments are loosely articulated. The lateral mar- 
gins are straight ^ with no indication of epimera. 

The terminal segment of the body is rounded in outline^ the pos- 
terior margin excavated at the insertion of the uropoda^ which do 
not extend beyond the edge of the segment, thus preserving the oval 
outline. Between tho uropoda there is an acute median projection. 

The legs are all simple, with biungnicnlate dactyli. 

One specimen was collected hy A. E. Verrill and party at the 
Bermudas, and another by G* B. Goode; from the same locality. 

Type specimens in Peabody MuseLUUj Yale University. Cat. No. 
335 L 

Six species of this genus have been In rttofore described : Ic&ro^:}- 
sis lohata Kiehler^ Jwropsis ^narionu Beddard, Jmropsls neo-zealan- 
dica C!hilton, JoiTopsm lohata Kichardson, Jmropsls Dollfusi Nor- 
man, and Jwropsis euruicomis (Nicolet)/^ The present species adds 
another to the above list. It is named in honor of Miss Mary J. 
Kathbun. 



* Jmra citrrieornis Nicolet, in Gay's Hist, de Chile ^ iii, p. 263, ZooL Atlas, 
Crust. J No. 3, fig. lOj 1849. This species should be referred to the genus 



II. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. i!90 



PICARIDEA or BOPYROIDEA. 



Family Bopyridae. 



Bopyrdides latreuticola Gissler. 

Bopyroides lafreaticola Gissler, Am. Nat., xvi, pp. 591-594, 1882. 

Bojyyrns^ sp. ?, Speuce Bate, Eeport of the Scientific Results of the Exploring 

Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, xxiv, p. 582, 1888. 
Bopyroideia kdrcnticoJa Eichardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1901, j). 579. 

Hab. Bermudas, parasitic on Latrf^ffes ensJferus (Milne-Edwards), 
(Spence Bate) ; Beaufort, North Carolina, parasitic on Latreutes 
ensiferiis {i\[ilne-EdAvards). 

A Bopyrid parasitic on Clilxoiarhis tricolor was collected Ly 
G. Brown Goode at the Bermudas in 1876-7, 



2. — The Terrestrial Isopoda of the Berraudus^icith a Description of 

a ^tw Genus of Armndillididf^. 

« 

Dollfus, in his report on the terrestrial isopoda of the Challenger 
Expedition,* recorded from the Bermudas a number of well-known 



forms common to other localities. In his list were included Tulos 




nivexis Budde-Lund, Porccllio Icevis Latreille, Jletoponorthus sexfas- 
ciatus Budde-Lund, Armadillidium vidgare (Latreille), and Ligia 
exotica Roux. 

Li addition to these forms, the collection made by Prof. A. E. 
Yerrill and parties at the Bermudas, in 1898 and lOOi, also contains 
the following described forms common to other localities : Tylos 
Latrtilli Audouin and Savigny, Metoponorthvi< pruinosus (Brandt), 
and Actoniscus ellipticns Harger. 

Only three new species, one of which is also the type of a new 
ij^enus, are described herein. 



^Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Scientifiqiies de Paris, xii, p. 1-8, 1890. 



300 TL Michardsoii — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



ONISCOIDEA. 

Family Tylides. 
Tylos Latreilli Atidonin and Savigny, 

Plate XL. Figure 56, 

Tylos armadiUo Latreille, Ctivier Eegne animal, ed. 2, iv, p, 143, 1839* Gnerin, 

Iconogr. Crnst.j p. SS, pL xxxvi, fig. 4. 
Tyloii LafreiUi Audonin and Savigny, Descript. de PEgypte, p. 285-87, pL 

xiii, fig. 1^ 1837. Milne-Edwards, Hist, Omst,, ill, p. 188, 1840; Eegne 

anim. Crust. j pL Ixx, bis,, f. 2. Lneas, ExpL d^Alg., i, p. 73, 1849. 

Heller, Verb, zoul.-bot, Ver., Wien, xyI, p, T33, 1866. Miers, Proc. Zocil. 

Soc. Lond., p. 674, 1877. Biidde-Lund, Crust. Isop, Terrestria, p, 273, S74, 

1885. (See Budde-Lnnd for synonymy.) 
Tylos armadillo Dollfiis,* Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, p, 550, 189fi. 

Body elliptical in ontlinej very convex, and able to be contracted 
into a ball, Siirfoce smooth or niimitely efrannlar and setiarerous. 
Color yellow or ligbt brown^ marked with black spots. 

Head with front not marginate ; lateral angulations produced into 
lobes^ which are truncate. Epistonie formmg a triangular shield, 
advancing some distance l>eYond the surface of the head. Eyes situ- 
ated post-laterally. External antenntB^ with a five-jointed peduncle 
and a flagelliim consisting of four joints^ extends to the posterior 
marejin of the second thoracic segment. 

The seven thoracic segments are RubeqiiaL The epimera of the 
first segment are represented by a thickening of the lateral edge, 
which is incised or cleft posteriorly. The epimera of all the other 
segments are dorsally separated by distinct suture lines. 

The first two alidominal segments have their lateral margins cov- 
ered by the seventh thoracic segment. The three following seg- 
ments complete the elliptical outline of the body, their lateral margins 
forming a line curving inwards towards the terminal segment. The 
last abdominal segment is qiiadrangnlar in outline, its postdateral 
angles rounded ^ and extends a little distance beyond the epimera of 
the preceding segment. The uropoda are transformed into opercular 
valves. At the } posterior end of each large lamellar valve is a small 
setose joint. The third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments have 



^ In the Bnll. Soc, d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, pi. i, fig, 4, 
1890. Doll f us gives figures of Tylon niveus Budde-Lund and Tylos Lai re 1111 
Audoiiin and Savigny. 



II. Rirhardson — Isopoch of the Berymirlas. 301 



plates on the Acntral side extending from the margin inwards in the 
form of lamellre, those of the fifth segment being longest and largest, 



but not meeting in the median line, being a little distance apart. 

The legs are simple, ambulatory. 

Three specimens were collected b}^ Mr. J. M. Jones at the Ber- 
mudas, and about twenty more by Prof, A. E. Verrill and party at 
the same locality in 1898. Others were collected in 1901 at Lons* 
Ijird Is., Bermudas. 



Tylos niveus Budde-Luud. 

Tylos nil-ens Budde-Lund, Crust Isop. Terr., jd. 278, 1885. Dullfus, Bull. Soc 
d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 8, j)!. i, fig. 4a, 1890. 

• 

Hab, Bermudas (Dollfus). Also Key West (Budde-Lund). 



Family Oniscidae. 



Porcellio laevis Latr. 



PorcelUo Icevis Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust, and Insectes, vii, p. 46, 1804. 
Porcellio degeerii Audoixin and Savigny, Descript, de I'Egypte, p. 289, pL 

xiii, fig. 5, 
PorcelUo e^icercns Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 177, 1833. 
Porcellio syriacus Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 
PorcelUo museitZus Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d, Moscou, vi, 1833. 
Porcellio cinerascens Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 
Porcellio dubius Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 
PorcelUo poeyi Guerin, Comptes Rendus, p. 133, 1837, 
Porcellio urhicns Kocli, Deutscli. Crust., p. 36. 
PorcelUo flacipes Koch, Bericlitig, etc., p. 206, pi. 8, fig. 97. 



Porcellio cuhensis Sausstire, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 477, pi. v, fig. 35, 

1858. 
Porcellio siiimchrasti Saussure, Mem^ Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 478, pi. v, 

fig. 36, 1858. 
PorcelUo cotillce Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 478, pi. v, fig. 37, 

1858. 
Porcellio aztecus Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 479, i>l. v, fig. 38, 

1858. 

Porcellio inexicanits Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 479, pi. v, fig. 

39, 40, 1858. 
Porcellio Icevis Eudde-Lund, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 138-141, 1883. (See 

Budde-Lund for synonymy and full reference.) 
Porcellio Icevis Dollfus, Bull Soc. d'Etudes Scient. de Paris, xiith year, p. 4, 

1890. 

Habitat, Bermudas, collected by George Brown Goode, Ber- 
mudas (Dollfus). Distribution world-wide. 



II 



302 11. IUcharchon^Im2?0(h of the Bermudas. 

Porcellio parvicorms Eicliardson, sp. nov, 

Plate XL. Figure 57. 

Body ovate, surface marked with minute trranulations. C^olor 
vellow, witli rDarkiii2:8 of lis^lit brown. 

Head with median lobe small, widely rounded* Lateral lobes 
smallj rounded. Eyes distinctj and situated on lateral lobes of head. 
Exterior antenni^ shorty about one-third the length of the body : 
flagelluni two'jointedj first joint very much shorter than second 
joints about one third shorter. 

T]i«:>racic segments subequal, with tlie exception of the first^ which 
is a little longer than any of the others. 

First tw^o abdominal seifnients witli lateral i)ails hidden by the 
preceding thoracic segment. Three following segments with lateral 
parts expanded, the margins continuing the oval ontliiiesof the body. 
Terminal segment triangular^ with sides somewhat incurved and 
rounded at the apex. Basal joint of urupoda reaching a little 
more than half the length of the last abdominal segment. Inner 
branch extends a short distance beyoud the terminal segment of the 
body; outer branch extends but very little beyond inner branch. 

One specimen was collected by A. E, Verrill at the Bermudas in 

1901. 
Type speeimen in Peabody Museum^ Yale University. Cat, No. 

Metoponorthiis se^^fasciatus Budde-Liind. 

MetoponorfhuB sexfasciattts Biidde-Limd, Crust. Isop. Terreslria, p^j. 167-168, 
1885. DoUfus, Bull. See. d'Etiides Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 4, 
1890, 

Hab, Bermudas (DoUfus)* Also Mediterranean and Canaries, 
Madeira, Azores, Spain, France, Algeria, 

Metoponorthus pimmosus (Brandt). 

PorceUw pruinosus Brandt, Consp, Monogr. Crast. Isop. terrestr., p,19^ fig. 21. 



\ 



A 



I 



Porcellio tnat'ulit'oniis Koeli^ Deiitschlands Orustaceen, p, 34^ 1840. Stiixberg, 

Ofversigt af Vetensk, Atad, Forliandl., No, 3, p. 55, 1875. 
MetojionorlhiLs pruinomis Budde-Limd, Cmst. Isop. Terrestxiaj pp, 169, 170, H 

1885, Sars, Crust of Norway, ii, pis, ix-x, p. 184, pi. Ixxx, fig- 3, pts. xi. 

xii, p. 185, 1898, (See Budde-Limd for synonymy and full rf^ference,) 

Habitat, Bermudas at Iiarriu|i^ton Sound, collected by Prof, Ran- 
kin, of Princeton ; and at Walsingham, Castle Island, and Tucker's 



11. liichardson — Isojjoils of the Bermudas. 303 

Island Cave, collected by A, E. Vcrrill, 1901. Also Europe, North 
America, Soiitli America, North Africa, Sumatra, Madagascar. 



Leptotrichus graniilatus Richardson, sp, nov. 



Plate XL. Figure 58. 

Body roughly and minutely granulated. Color liijht reddish or 
yellowish brown, with markings of dark brown in patches on each 
segment, forming four longitudinal rows, the two median rows not 
extending anteriorly beyond the third segment of the thorax in one 
specimen, and in the other being almost obsolete. 

The head is produced in front in a prominent rounded median lobe, 



and at the sides in large rounded lateral lobes. The eyes are small, 



but distinct, and are placed at the base of the lateral lobes. The ex- 
ternal antennae are very short, not reaching the anterior angle of the 
first thoracic segment. The fourth joint of the peduncle is not 
longer than the third ; the flagelluni is composed of two joints, the 
first of which is about half the lenirth of the second. 

The thoracic segments are subequal in length, the lateral parts 
broadly expanded. 

The first two abdominal segments have the lateral parts undevel- 
oped. The third, fourth and fifth segments are broadly expanded 
laterally, the outer margins forming a continuous and unbroken line 
with the marmns of the thoracic segments. The terminal segment 



^^^*^ ^^ v*-x^ ^^v^^^yvv^^v. K^X,^, 



of the abdomen extends but a distance of half its length beyond the 
epimera of the preceding segment ; its surface is smooth. The basal 
joint of the uropoda attains half the length of the terminal segment. 
The inner branch reaches the apex of the last segment. The outer 
branch extends half its length beyond this. 

Two specimens w^ere collected by A. E. Verrill and party at the 
Bermudas in 1898. They were found in dead coral at Castle Harbor. 

Tj^pe in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 3333. 

This species cannot be identified with any of the described species 
of the genus: L. panzerii (Audouin and Savigny), L. tawicus Budde- 
Lund, L. sqiimnatus Budde-Lund, and Z.* lentus (Budde-Lund), 
although it seems more closely related to the last named than to any 
of the former. 



* 



See Dollfus, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, pp, 543-543, 189G. 



304 M. Michfirdson — Isopods of the Berm/iidas. 



Faiiulv Armadillididae. 

Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille). 

Armadillo t'ldyaris Latreille^ Hist Crust., viij p. 48, 1804; Gen* Crust., i, p, 
71, 1806. Leaeb, Edinb. EncycL^ vii, p. 406. Lamarct, Hist. Nat. an, s, 
TerL, T, p, 152, 1818, 

Armadillo piJularis Say, Crust. Uuited States, Jotirn, Acad. Nat. Sci.^ Pliilad., 
p. 432, 1818. 

ArmadiUldium vulgare Eudde-Luud^ Crust, Isopoda Terre stria, pp. 66-68, 1885. 
Dollfus, BulL Soe. d'Etndes Scient. de Paris, xiitt year^ p. 4j 1890. Sars, 
Crust, of Norway, ii, pts. ix-x, pL 80, pts, xi-xiij p. 189-190, 1898, 

Hab. Bermudas J collected by G, B. Goode in 1876-7; and by A, E, 
Verrillj in 1901^ at Tucker^s Island ; Bermudas (Dollfus), Common 
in all parts of Europe and neighboring regions of Asia and Africa; 
Nortli America, 

Uropodias Richardson, gen. uov. 

Head with the front produced in a prominent rounded lobe. Eyes 
smallj obscure. External antenna?, with a flagellura of two joints, 
the second joint the smaller of the two. 

First six thoracic segments with the lateral parts lamellarly ex- 
panded. Seventh segment as long as the six preceding segments, 
but with the lateral ])arts undeveloiied^ and not wider than the first 
two abdominal segments, which' likewise have the lateral parts or 
epimeral plates undeveloped. Abdomen not narrower than thorax^ 
the lateral parts of the third^ fourth and fifth segments being ex- 
panded and continuing the regular outline of the body. The abdom- 
inal segments equal in length and half as long as the thoracic 
segments. Terminal segment quadrangular in shape^ the posterior 
margin produced in a median rounded lobe. The outer branch of 
the uropoda is large, broad, flattened, with rounded margins ; the 
inner braoeli is smaller and narrower^ and rounded posteriorly. 

There are only six pairs of legs, the appendages of the last thoracic 
segment being wanting. 

Uropodias bernaudensis Rieliardson, sp. nov, 

Plate XL. Figubes 59, 60. 

Body very convex^ al>le to be contracted into a balh Surface 
smooth. Color uniformly light brown. 







II. Hichardson — Isopods of the Sermnd^fs. 305 



Head large, produced in front in a prominent rounded projection. 
Eves very small, obscure, and situated about the middle of the lateral 
margin. The external antenna*, with a flagellum of two joints, ex- 
tend to the middle of the first thoracic segment, and are geniculate 
at the articulation of the third and fourth joints. 

The thoracic segments are subequal in length. The seventh seg- 
ment is abrupt]}^ narrower than the preceding six, and not wider than 
tlie first two abdominal segments. The seventh thoracic and the 
first and second abdominal segments have the lateral parts or epi- 
meral plates undeveloped. The first six thoracic and the third, 
fourth and fifth abdominal segments have the lateral parts lamellarly 
expanded, so that the regular outline of the body is preserved, the 
third abdominal segment not being narrower than the six thoracic, 
whose lateral portions extend down laterally beyond the seventh 
thoracic and the first and second abdominal. 

The terminal abdominal segment is quadrangular, with the pos- 
terior margin produced in a median rounded lobe. The uropoda 
extend but a short distance beyond the epimeral plates of the fifth 
abdominal segment. The outer branch is broad, flattened and round ; 
the inner branch is smaller and narrower, and posteriorly rounded. 

There are but six pairs of legs, those of the seventh thoracic seg- 



ment being wanting. 

A few specimens were collected by A. E. Verrill and party at the 
Bermudas in 1S98, and at Castle Island in 1901, under stones, in dry 
places. 



Type in the Peabody Museum, Yale University- Cat. ^o. 3224. 



Family Triclionisaidae. 



Actoniscus ellipticus Harger. 

Actoniscus ellipticu!^ Harger, Am. Joiu-. Sci. (3), xv, p. 373, 1878 ; Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., ii, p. lo7, 1879 ; Eeport XJ. S. Fish Comm., pt. vi, p, 309, pi. i, 
fig. 3, 1880. 

ITab. Bermudas, collected bv G. C. Goode, 1816-7 (one specimen 



of a brown and yellow mottled color) ; and near Hungry Bay, 



Bermudas, near salt water under decayed sea-weed and stones, col- 



lected by A. E. Verrill in lOOl. Savin Rock, nenr New ITaven ; 
Stony Creek, Long Island Sound. 



Trans. Conn. Acad., Tol. XI. 20 January, 1902 



r 



306 TI, Riehariho}i — Isopods of the JJermucIas^ 

Family Liglidae, 

Ligia baudiniana MOne -Ed wards, 

Ligia hauiliniana Milne -Edwards, Hist, des Criist, , iii, pp, 15*5-156, 1840, 
fLlgia baudiana Spence Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), i, pp, 443, 446, 1868. 
^ Ligia baudmiana Saiissnre^ M6m. Soc, phys, Geneve, xiv, p. 476, 1858. 
Ligia exotica Dollfus, Bull. Soc. d'Etiides Scientifiques de Paris, xiitli year, p. 

7, 1890. 
Ligia e.voticci hirh'tarsis Dollfus, Bnll. Soc. d'Etiides Scientifiques de Paris^ 

xiith year, p. 7, 1890. 
Ligia baudiana IveSj Proc, Acad, Nat, Sci, Pliila,, pp, 185, 186, pi, yIj fig* 2, 

1891. 
Ligia baudiniana Eichardaonj Proc. United States Nat. Musenm, xxiil, p, 574^ 

575, 1901. 
Ligia gracilis Moore^ Eeport U. S, Fish Comm.j ii, pp. 161-176, pL 7-11, 190L 

Plate XL. Figure 61, 

Hal>. BeiinudaSj collected hy George Brown Goode in 1876-77, 
and by A, E, Verrill and i)art3^ in 1898 and 1901 ; Bermudas, col- 
ected by J. M. Jones ; Bermudas (Dollfus) ; San Juan d'TJUoa, 
Mexico (Milne-Edwards) ; Yucatan (Ives) ; Rio Janeiro (Spence 
Bate); Cuba (Saussure,) 

"At the Bermudas the Ligia occurs in great abundance on the 
ledges and cliffs along all the shores. It I'uns with surprising activity 
and quickly seeks refuge in the cracks and crevices of the ledges^, so 
that it is not easy to capture without injury. 

Its dark J bluish-gray color is not parti cuLarly protective here, 
unless in the nighty owing to the light color of most of the rocks, 
but on darker rocki=i it would be decidedly protective.'' A, E, V. 

Tt is doubtful if the specimens found at Cayenne by Miers* and 
identified by him as Ligia baudimana really were that species. 
I am inclined to think they should be referred to Ligia exotica. In 
his description of thenij Miers states that the antenn«e are very long, 
reaching hi one specimen to the extremity of the body, and in the 
other specimen not quite, but almost to the extremity. The first 
was probably the male and the other the female of X, exotica. 
There has been much difference of opinion in regard to these two 
Bpecies, Li[/fa baiuUmcma and Ligia exotica, the former being con- 
sidered by Budde-Lnndf and Dollfus J as a synonym of the latter, 
although Dollfus states of the specimens found at the Bermudas, and 



^Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond,, p. 670, 1877. 
f Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 267 , 1885. 
X Bull, Soc, d'fitudes Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 7, 1890. 



n, Richanhon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 307 



which he identified as Z. exotica^ that they differed from the speci- 
mens of X. exotica iu his collection from Senegal in the thickness of 
the tarsus, which was furnished with long, stiff hairs in the males. 
However, he did not consider this a specific character ; it could only 
be sufficient to distinguish a variety, for which he proposed the name 
hirtitarsis. His speciuicus should undoubtedly be referred to Ligia 
haudiniana^ the characters of which, as a distinct species, near, 
perhaps, but not identical witli Liffia exotica^ I shall endeavor to 
point out. 

A comparison of male specimens of Ligia baudiniana and Ligia 
exotica show the following points of difference : 

First, in the size and formation of the body, Ligia haudinianft 
being the smaller species, with the body more compact than in L. 
exotica^ which has the segments very loosely articulated. 

Second, in the length of the antennae, which in Z. haudiniana do 
not extend beyond the last segment of the thorax (which character 
is constant, being true of all the specimens examined), while in X. 
exotica the antennae reach the extremity of the bod}" in all the speci- 
mens examined. 

Third, in the length of the peduncle of the antenmie, which in L. 
haudiniana extend to the posterior margin of the second thoracic 
segment, the last two joints being shorter than in X. exotica^ the 
peduncle of whose antennae reach the posterior margin of the third 
thoracic segment. 

Fourth, in the character of the first pair of legs in the two species, 
those of X. exotica (plate xl, figs. 62a, 626,) having the propodus 
furnished near the apex with a conspicuous process, oval and pro- 
duced, the carpus and merus not being fringed with a thick row of 
long stiff hairs, while those of X. haudiniana (fig. 61) have the pro- 



podus simple, unarmed and without a conspicuous process, the carpus 
and merus being fringed along the entire posterior margin with a 
row of long stiff hairs. 

Fifth in the shape of the terminal segment of the body, the angle 
in the middle of the posterior margin being more acutely [)roduced 
in X. exotica than in X. haadinianay and the lateral angulations 
being also much more produced. In the color of the two forms, X. 
haudiniana beinsr much liQ-liter in color, the color extendincr to the 
margins of the segments, while in X. exotica there is a colorless bor- 
der on the lateral and posterior edges of all the segments. 

In the females of the two f^pecies the first pair of legs are simple. 



The antennae are shorter than in the males, and the peduncle of the 



308 S, Richardson — Isopo€h of the Bermudas. 

antennae is also shorter. In the female of L. exotica tlie anteiinjE do 
not quite reach the extremity of the body ; in the female of L, 
hmidiniana they do not quite reach the extremity of the thorax. 
In the female of X. exotica the peduncle of the antennae extends 
only to the posterior margin of the second thoracic segment ; in 
the female of L. haudiniana the peduncle of the antenna does not 
extend beyond the posterior margin of the first thoracic segment. 

The species recently described by Mr, Moore^ as TJgia gracilis^ 
found at Porto Rico, is identical with Ligia baudiniana. The type 
specimens of Ligia gracilis^ which have been placed in the U. S, 
Nat. Museum, have been carefully examined by Mr. Moore and 
myself since the publication of his paper, and exhibit the same 
characters found in Ligia baudiniana^ The leg of the first pair, 
figured by Mr, Moore, is the leg of the female, which does not pre- 
sent the row of stiff hairs on the carpus and merus, as found in the 



Although Mr. Moore did not investigate the differences existing 
between L exotica and L. baudiniana^ and w^as misled by such 
eminent authorities as Dollfus and Budde-Lund^f who consider the 
latter species a synonym of the former, yet he regarded his specimens, 
when compared witlt specimens of i. exotica^ as specifically distinct. 
Although Ligia gracilis cannot be considered new;, yet the fact that 
Mi\ Moore considered his specimens specifically different from L 
exoficay and his identification of them later with L. baudiniana give 
additional w^eight to the view that Ligia fta;/<?mea:?ia is distinct from 
Ligia exotica, 

* Report U, S. Fish Commission, ii, pp. 161-1T6, pL 7-11, 1901. 
f It is very doubtful if Budde-Luncl ever bad specim.eDs of L. baudiniana. He 
places L, baiidiniana in tbe synonymy of L. exotica ^ with a qnestion mark. 



//. JRicharchon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



309 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Plate XXXVII. 
Figure L — Apseudes trianyidata R., sp. nov. Head. x 35 




gure 2 




same. Segments of tliorax and abdomen. 



X 195. 



The same. First gnathopod. x 35. 



Figure 3. — The same. Segments of abdomen and part of uropods. 

Figure 4.- 

Figure 5. — The same. Second gnathopod. x 35. 

Figure 6. — Ajjseudes projnnquus E. , sj). nov. Head. x35. 

Figure 7. — The same. Segments of thorax and abdomen. 19f . 

Figure 8. — The same. Last four segments and part of uropods. x oa. 

Ficrure 9.— The s 



x 35. 



or 



First gnathopod. x 35. 



Figure 10. — Pa^a2^seudes goodei R,, sp. nov. Head and first thoracic segment. 
x oo. 



Figure 11. — The same. Gentfral figure, x 19f . 



Figure 12. 



The same. Abdomen with uropods and last thoracic segment, x 35 



Figure 13. — The same. First gnathopod of female, x35. 



Figure 14. 



The same. First gnathopod of male, x 35. 



Plate XXXVIII. 




Figures 15a, 156. — Paranfhura infundihvJata R., sp. nov. ^Mandible and max- 

S. X oo. 

Figure 16a. — The same. Antenna of first pair. x33. 
Figure 16&, — The same. Antenna of second pair. ^ 33. 
Figure 17. 

Figiire 18. — The same. Lateral ^dew of abdomen. 
Figure 19. — The same. First gnathopod. 



The same. Last four thoracic segments and abdomen, x 11|. 



xllf. 







Figure 30. 



— The same. Second gnathopod. 



X 32 i. 



Figure 21a. — Paranthura verrUlii R., sp. nov. Antenna of first r)air. x 3'2i. 
Figure 216. — The same. Antenna of second j)air. x 32i. 



Figure 22. — The same. Last two thoracic segments and abdomen. 
Figure 23 — Colanthura tenuis R., sp. nov. Head and ant 



X 111. 



x62. 



General figure. 



xl8|. 





Abdomen and last two thoracic segments. 



Figure 24, — The same. 

Figure 25. — The same. 

Figure 26. — The same. Lateral view of uropoda. x 62. 

Figure 27. — The same. First pair of legs, x 62. 

Figure 28.^ — The same. Second pair of legs, x 62. 

Figure 29. — Anthehira affinis R., sp. nov. Genenil figure. 

Figure 30.— 



x 62. 



x32i 



—The same. First gnathopod. x 62. 
Figure 31. — The S£ime. Second gnathopod. x 02. 
Figure 32. — The same. Sixth periopod. x 02, 
Figure 33. — Colopisthus par\:us R,, sp. nov. General figure. 



11^ 



The same. Head and first two thoracic segments. x ISf 
The same. First maxilla. 32 i. 



Figare 34. 

Figure 35, 

Figure 36. — The same. Second maxilla. 

Figure 37. — The same. Maxilliped. x 32|. 

Figure 38a. — Alcirona krebsll Hansen. First maxilla. 









Figure 386. 



The same. Maxilliped. x32^. 



310 



M, HicharcUon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



Plate XXXIX. 

Figure 39, — Dynamene perfoj-ata Moore. Last two thoracic segments and 

abdomen, x 17J. 
Figure 40,— Si?/i^Fro ma crenulatum E., sp. no v. General figure- xl7j4. 
Figure 41. — See plate xL 

Figure 42, — Carpian hernntdeMsi}^ E., sp. noY, Mandible, x 58, 
Figure 43a. ^The same, Maxilliped. x 58. 
Figure 43D.^Tbe same. First maxilla, x 58. 

Second maxilla, x 58. 

Male operculum, x 58, 

Female operculiim. x 58. 

First leg of male, x 30^^. 
Figure 46* — Stenetrmm stebbinyi R., sp. nov. Head and first thoracic segm 

Figure 47, — The same. Terminal segment of body and uropoda. x30J!|;\ 

Figure 48. — The same. First leg of male, x 30^^, 

Figure 49. — The same. First leg of female, x B0'^£. 

Figure 50. — Janira fmnttta E. , sp. nov. Terminal segment and uropoda. 

Figure 51.— The same. Leg of first pair of female, x 58, 

Figure 53, — ^The same. Leg of first pair of male, x 58* 



Figure 42c. — The same. 
Figure 43.^The same. 
Figure 44. — The same. 
Figure 45. — The same. 



x58. 



Plate XL. 

Figure 4L — Carpias bermtidensis E., sp. nov. General figure. x 18f . 

Figure 53.^ — Jceropsis rathbunoE E. j sp. nov* Head and first thoracic segment, 

Figure 54. — The same. Terminal segment and uropoda, x 33*. 

Figure 55a. 

Figure 55&, 

Figure 55c* 

Figure 56.- 

Figure 57,- 

Figure 58.- 

Figure 59.- 

ment. 
Fig n re 60.- 

x63. 
Figure 61.- 
Figxire 63a, 
Figure 63fc. 



-The same. Mandible. 33|. 
— The same. Mandible. 32 1. 
— The same* Maxiliiped, 32§, 
-Tylos armadiUo Latreille. Operculum. 
—Porcellio parincornis R.^ sp, nov. General figure* 
—Leptotriclms grawiilatus E., sp. nov. General figure. >^ llf - 
-Uropodia^^ berni/udensis E., Sp. nov. Head and first thoracic seg- 

x63, 
—The same. Abdominal segments and last two thoracic segments* 



'Ligia baudiniana Milne- Edwards, First leg of male. 
—Ligia exotica Dollfus. First leg. x 11|. 
—The same. Terminal Joints, >^11|' 



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[Begin Page: Title Page] 

TRANSACTIONS 

OF THE 

CONNECTICUT ACADEMY 

OF 

ARTS AND SCIENCES. 

VOLUME XI, 

(CENTENNIAL VOLUME.) 

NEW HAVEN : 

PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY. 

1901-1903. 

THE TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR COMPANY. 



[Begin Page: Page 277] 



VII. — The Marine and Terrestrial Isopods op the Bermudas, 
WITH Descriptions of New Genera and Species. 

By Harriet Richardson. 

[Collaborator, Smithsonian Institution.] 

1 . Tlie Marine Isopods of the Bermudas'^ xmith descriptions of 
thirteen New Species and three Neio Genera. 

There is almost no literature relating to the Marine Isopods of the 
Bermudas. 

In 1891 Ives* described and figui-ed a new species of Cymodocea 
from the Bermudas ( C. bennudensis), which has since been referred 
to the genus Dynaniene. 

Several species of wide-spread distribution have been recorded 
from the Bermudas, as for example, Idotea marina (Linnaeus), speci- 
mens of which are in the Smithsonian Institution. It was taken in 
abundance by the Yale party in 1 901 , in Hamilton Harbor. 

Spence Batef mentions, without any description, a species of 
Bop)yrus from the Bermudas, parasitic on Latreiites ensiferus 
(Milne-Edwards), which is without doubt, identical with Bopyroides 
latreuticolq Gissler, found on the same host at Beaufort, North 
Carolina. 



The material for the present paper is the resuit of three expedi- 
tions to the Bermudas ; one in 1876-7, when Prof. George Brown 
Goode coiiected a number of Isopods ; one in 1898, undertaken by 
Prof. A. E. Verriii and party ; and another in the spring of 1 901 , 
by Prof. A. E. Verriii and Mr. A. H. Verriii. 

These coiiections contain both known and unknown species. 
Among the known species are to be mentioned specimens of Dyna- 
mene hermudensis Ives, and Idotea marina (Linnaeus), already 
recorded from the Bermudas. 

Also specimens of Corallana quadricornis Hansen, Alcirona 
krehsii Hansen, Nerocila acuminata Schicpdte and Meinert, Dyna- 
mene perforata Moore, and Cilicoea caudata (Say), common to West 

*Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1 891 , p. 1 94. 

t Report of the Scientific Results of the Exp. Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 
xiv, p. 582, 1888. 



[Begin Page: Page 278] 

278 H. Richardson — Isopoch of the Bermudas. 

Indian waters ; Tanais cavolinii Milne-Edwards, Leptochelia rapax 
Harger, and Leptochelia duhia (Kr</)yer), the first and last named of 
wide distribution, and all three common to the Northeast coast of 



America. These species liave not been previousiy recorded from tine 
Bermudas. 

The thirteen new species herein described are representatives 
of the foiiowing famiiies : Apseudidm, Anthuridce, Ciroianidm, 
Sphoeromidce, and Janiridai. Three are the types of ncAv genera. 

CHELIFEBA or TANAIOIDEA. 

Famiiy Tanaidse. 

Tanais cavoiinii Miine-Edwards. 

Tanais cavoiinii Miine-Edwards, in Audotiin and Miine-Edwards, Precis 

d'Entomoiogie, i, pi. xxix, fig. 1, 1828 ; Hist. Nat. des Crust., iii, p. 141, pi. 

xxxi, fig. 6, 1840. 

Tanais tomentosus Kr(pyeT, Natnrhist. Tidsskr., iv, p. 183, 1842; ibid. (3) ii, 

p. 412, 1847; Voy. en Scand., Crust., pi. xxvii, figs. 2a-q, 1849. Liiije- 

borg, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forii., Arg., viii, p. 23, 1851. Meinert, Crust. 

Isop. Amph. Dec. Dauaise, p. 86, 1877. 

Crossiirus vittatu'^ 'Ra.thke, Faiina Norwegens, p. 39, pi. 1, figs. 1-7, 1843. 
Tanais Jiirticaudatus Bate, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1860, p. 224, 1861. 
Tanais vittatus Liiijeborg, Bidrag Kann. Crust. Tanaid, p. 29, 1865. Bate 



and Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust., ii, p. 125, 1866. Stebbing, Trans. 

Devon. Assoc, 1874, p. 7, and 1879, p. 6; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) x\di, p. 

78, 1876. Verriii, Am. Jour. Sci. (3), x, p. 38, 1875. Harger, Proc. U. S. 

Nat. Mus., ii, p. 162, 1879 ; Eep. U. S. Fisin Comm., pt. 6, p. 418-419, pi. 

xiii, figs. 81-82, 1880. 

Tanais tomentosus G. O. Sars, Crust, of Norway, ii, jDt. i, ii, p. 12, pi. v, 1896. 

Tanais Cavolinii Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, xxi, p. 207, 1897 ; Mem. 

de la Soc. Zool. de France, xi, p. 35, 1898. Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,, 

(7), ill, pp. 332-333, 1899. (See Norman for synonymy and full reference.) 

Hab. Castle Harbor, Bermudas, in dead coral, collected by A. E. 
Verrill and party. 

Also found at Noank, Conn. ; Long Island Sound ; Greenland ; 
west coast of Norway ; British Isles ; West France ; Azores'^ 
Depth, 1-6 ft. (Verrill). 



[Begin Page: Page 279] 



H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermndas. 279 



Leptochelia dubia (Kr'^yer). 

Tanais dubius Kr'^yer, Naturh. Tidssk., iv, p. 178, pi. ii, figs. 20-22, 1842-3. 
Paratanais algicola Harger, Am. Jour. Sci. aud Art, xv, p. 377, 1878. 
Leptocliclia algicola Harger, Report U. S. Fish Com., pt. 6, p. 421, 1880. 
Leptochelia dubia G. 0. Sars, Archiv for Math, og Natnrvid., p. 26, 1 880; and 

p. 317, pi.X, xi, 1886. 

Leptochelia algicola Dollfus, M'^m. de la Soc. Zool. de France, xl, p. 44, 1898. 
Leptochelia dubia Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ill, p. 334, 1899. 
'^Leptochelia incerta Moore, Report U. S. Fish Com., ii, p. 1 65-1 66, 1 901 . 

There are two males and a small number of females in the collec- 
tion. The males and females agree with the original description and 
figures of L. dubia (Kr<'^yer), the inner branch of the uropoda in 
both sexes consisting of five joints.* 

There are also two specimens in the collection, both females, which 
have the inner branch of the uropoda two-jointed. Although this 
may be a new species of Leptochelia, I do not feel warranted with 
such scanty material, and with no males, to describe a new species of 
this genus. 

Hab. Castle Harbor, Bermudas, collected by A. E. Verrill and 
party, in 1898. Also Jersey ; Birterbu}'^ Bay, Ireland ; Falmouth 
Harbor ; Valentia, Ireland ; jNlediterranean ; Atlantic coast from 
Brittany to Senegal and Teneriffe ; Northeast coast of N. America ; 
Brazil. 



Leptochelia rapax Harger. 

Leptochelia rapax Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, ii, p. 163, 1879. Report 
U. S. Fish Comm., pt. vi, p. 424, pi. xiii, figs. 89, 90, 1880. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by W. G. Van Name, May, 1901 . 
Also found at Annisquam, Mass., in ;! feet of water, on mudd}'^ 
bottom. 

* There is no character of specific importance to separate L. algicola Harger 
from L. dubia (Kr'^yer) the males and females of L. dubia in the collection from 
the Bermudas agreeing with Harger's specimens as figui'ed and described, with 
the excei'^tion that the Bermudian specimens have five joints to the inner branch 
of the uropoda instead of six. Stebbing has pointed out (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 
(6) xvii, p. 158-159, 1896) that there is some variation in the number of joints 
in several species of Leptochelia, and L. Edwardsii, which Kr'^yer figures and 
describes as having seven joints to the inner branch, is now recognized as a 
synonymy of L. savignyi, which is figured and described by the same aiithor as 
having six joints. It is not improbable, as Stebbing has suggested, that L. 
savigniji and L. dubia are identical. 



[Begin Page: Page 280] 



280 H. Richardson — Iso'^jods of the Bermudas. 



Family Apseudidae. 



Apseudes triangulata Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 1-5. 

Body narrow, elongated, surface smooth. 

Head with frontal margin produced at the middle in a rostrum 
like a spear point, whose sides near the base are excavated below the 
lateral expansion of the rostrum. On either side of the excavation 
thus formed the margin is acutely produced in a small antei'ior pro- 
cess. Lateral to this process is the ocular process, which is pro- 
duced anteriorly about the same distance. The eyes are distinct 
and black and occupy almost the whole surface of the ocular lobe. 

The first pair of antenme have the first joint of the peduncle long, 
the inner lateral margin of which is armed with three long spines 
and one small one ; the outer margin, with one large spine near the 
apex. The second joint is one-third the length of the first joint and 
is unarmed. The third joint is one-half as long as the second joint. 
The flagellum is comjjosed of about fourteen joints ; the secondary 
appendage of about seven joints. The peduncle of the second pair 
of antennfe extends to the end of the first joint of the peduncle of 
the first pair, and has an exopod developed at the base of the third 
joint. The flagellum is composed of about ten joints, and extends 
about half the length of the flagellum of the first pair of antennae. 
There is a prominent spine on the epistoma. 

The first free segment of the thorax is shortest, the two following 
ones being longer, the next two the longest, and the last but little 



longer than the first. The first segment is as wide as the head, the 
others decrease in width gradually. The antero-lateral margins of 
all the segments except the first are produced into one acute process, 
of the fourth and fifth free segments into two acute processes. The 
last segment bears a ventral spine. 

The abdominal segments gradually decrease in width backwards. 
The sixth or terminal segment is produced on either side near the 
base into two acute processes. Beyond the last process the segment 
widens slightly for the attachment of the uropoda, and ends pos- 
teriorly in a triangular process. The uropoda are very long, the 
inner branch being half the length of the body, and composed of 
about twenty -five joints. The outer branch is composed of seven 
joints. 

First gnathopods with the upper distal margin of the propodus, 
finely serrate and armed with a tooth near the articulation of the 



[Begin Page: Page 281] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 281 

dactylus. Second gnathopods have the merus armed witii one 
spine at its distal extremity on the posterior margin, and one on the 
anterior margin ; the carpus armed with two spines on its posterior 
and one on the anterior margin at the distal extremity ; the margin of 
the propodus armed with three spines on the posterior margin, and one 



large spine and one small one at the distal extremit'^'^ on the anterior 
margin. The dactyl us is serrate on its inner margin. Exopods are 
present on both first and second gnathopods. The other legs are 
beset with spines. 

The specimen is a female and has a large marsupium filled with 
eggs, extending the length of the first four free segments of the 
thorax. 

Only one individual was collected by A. E. Yerrill and party, in 
Harrington Sound, Bermudas. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 
3102. 

Apsevides propinquiis Richardson, s}). nov. 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 6-9. 

Body narrow, elongated, surface smooth. 

Head with frontal margin produced in the middle in a long, acute, 
deflected process, from base of which on both sides thei*e is an 
abrupt lateral expansion, the margin forming an outward curve 
which extends to the base of the ocular lobe and then proceeds 
straight to the lateral margin of the head. Ocular lobe produced in 
an acute process. Eyes large, black, occupying the whole of the 
ocular lobe. 



First pair of antennae witii first joint of peduncie iong, and 
armed on inner iateral margin witii two iarge spines and one smaii 
one near tine base, and on distai end of outer margin witii one iarge 
spine. Second joint iess tlian one-tliird tlie iengtii of first joint and 
unarmed. Tliird joint one-liaif as iong as second joint. Fiageiium 
composed of sixteen joints. Secondary appendage composed of 
eiglit joints. Second pair of antenna? witii an exopod at base of third 
joint of peduncle ; fiageiium composed of ten joints. Tliere is a 
conspicuous spine on tlie epistoma. 

First two free segments of the thorax about equal in length, the 
three following ones longer, increasing in length, the last segment a 
little longer than the first two. The antero-lateral margins of all 
the segments are acutely produced, those of the fourth and fifth free 



[Begin Page: Page 282] 

282 II. RichanUon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

segments have two antero-lateral angulations. There is an anteriorly 
directed cnrA'^ed spine on the ventral surface of the first free seg- 
ment. On the ventral surface of the second segment there is a 
straight spine directed posteriorly. The third, fourth, and fifth seg- 
ments bear each a ventral curved spine directed anteriorly. The 
sixth segment has on the ventral surface a large, stout process. 



The lateral margins of all the first five abdominal segments are 
drawn out In acute processes. 

The terminal segment has two lateral angulations above the 
attachment of the uropoda. The posterior margin Is triangulate. 
The Inner branch of the uropoda Is ver}- long, equal In length to 
half the body, and Is composed of thirty-four joints. The outer 
branch consists of eleven joints. 

The first gnathopods have a tooth on the distal margin of the 
propodus near the articulation of the dactylus. There Is a con- 
spicuous spine on the posterior margin of tile basis. 

The second gnathopods have one spine at the distal end of the 
merus on the anterior margin ; one spine at the distal end of the 
carpus on the anterior margin and two spines on the posterior mar- 
gins of the same joint ; four spines on the posterior margin of the 
propodus and two on the anterior margin at the distal extremity ; 
the dactylus Is serrate along the Inner margin. Exopods are present 
on both first and second gnathopods. The other legs are beset with 
spines. 

A few specimens, both males and females, were collected by A. 
E. Verrlll and party at Bailey Bay and Castle Harbor, Bermudas, 
In 1898. 

Type specimen from the Bermudas In Peabody Museum, Yale 
University. Cat. No. 3194. 



This species is very closely related to Apseudes intermedium 
Hansen* but differs in the following points. 

1 . — The first joint of the peduncle of the first pair of antenna? is 
armed with three spines on the inner margin, and one spine on the 
outer margin at the distal end. In '^-l . inter med'iu.s, this joint is 
unarmed. 

2. — In the increased number of joints in the flagt-lla of both pairs 
of antennre, there being sixteen joints in the flagelliim of the first 
pair of antennae, eight in the secondary appendage, and ten in the 
flagellum of the second pair of antennae, while in Dr. Hansen's spe- 

*lsopoden, Cumaceen, und Stomatopoden der Plankton-Expedition, p. 49-50, 
pi. V, fig. 10-IOb, pi. vi, fig. 1, 1895. 



[Begin Page: Page 283] 

n. Richardson — Isopods of tJie Bermudas. 283 

cies tlie flagellnm of the first pair of antennae is composed of seven 
joints, the secondary appendage of three joints, and the fiagelhim of 
the second pair of antennae of four joints. 

3. — In the much greater length of the uropoda, the inner branch 
of wliich in A. propinqmts is half the length of the body and com- 
posed of thirty-four joints, the outer branch consisting of eleven 



joints, while in A. intermedius tine outer brancli lias only four joints, 
and the inner branch is only twice the length of the terminal abdo- 
minal segment and is composed of only fifteen joints. 

Parapseudes goodei Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVII. Figures 10-14. 

Surface of body smooth ; color light yellow. 

Head but slightly narrowed anteriorly. Eyes with large, brown 
ocelli and placed on ocular processes, articulated to the head. 
Frontal margin with a rostrum projecting between the basal joints 
of the first pair of antennae. The base of the rostrum is constricted, 
the anterior margin broadi}" rounded. 

The first pair of antennae have the peduncle short, the first joint 
twice as long as the' second, the third half as long as the second, all 
three with margins smooth, unarmed, but fringed with long hairs. 
The flagellum consists of seven joints ; the secondary appendage of 
four joints. The second pair of antennae extend only to the end of 
the peduncle of the first pair ; the flagellum contains five joints ; a 
scale is articulated to the peduncle. 

The first, second and third free thoracic segments are about equal 
in length, the following three being longer than the first three, and 
sub-equal. The first and second segments have a small epimeral 
lobe on the antero-lateral margin. The third segment has a small 



lobe about the center of the lateral margin. The lobes of the three 
following segments are situated post-laterally. 

The abdomen is very short ; all the segments together not equal- 
ling in length the last two thoracic segments. The first five seg- 
ments have the margins produced at the sides, with deep lateral 
incisions between the segments. 

The terminal segment is triangulate posteriorly with the apex acute. 
The uropoda are quite half the length of the body ; the inner 
branch consisting of about twenty-five joints, the outer and smaller 
branch consisting of six joints. There are but four pairs of pleo- 
poda. 



[Begin Page: Page 284] 

284 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bennudas. 

The first pair of legs of the female are much more slender than 
those of the male. In the male there is a deep excavation on the 
distal margin of the propodus near the articulation of the dactylus, 
while in the female this excavation is comparatively small. In the 
male there is a spine within this excavation and one on the dactylus, 
both situated at the articulation of the dacf^dus and the propodus. 
Exopods are present on both pairs of gnathopods. All the other 
legs are very spinulose. 



A few specimens (types) were collected by A. E. Verrill and party 

in 1898, at Castle Harbor, Bermiidas, and one specimen was collected 

by G. Brown Goode at the Bermudas in 1876-7. 

Type in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 3222. 

This species has a close resemblance to Parapseudes latifrons 
(Grube),* but differs in the following characters: in P. goodei the 
first pair of gnathopods ai"e more robust ; the propodus has a deep 
excavation near the articulation of the dactylus, within which is a 
large spine. There is also a spine on the dactylus. 

The rostrum is constricted at the base in P. goodei, while in P. 
latifrons the line is unbroken from the apex of the rostrum to the 
lateral margin of the head. 

The secondary appendage of the flagellum of the first antennae is 
composed of four joints in P. goodei Avhile in P. latifrons this 
appendage is composed of seven joints. The flagellum of the second 
pair of antennae consists of five joints in P. goodei, while in Grube's 
species it consists of eight joints. 

FLABELI.IFEK-A or CYMOTHOIDEA. 

Family Anthuridse. 

Paranthura infundibulata Ricliardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXYIII. Figures 15-20. 



S . Body narrow, elongate ; color yellow, with markings of black. 

Head with antero-lateral angles prominent, between which the 
frontal margin is excavate for the reception of the antennae, the mid- 
dle being produced in a conspicuous median point. The eyes are 
situated in the antero-lateral prolongations. 

* Rhoea latifrons Grube, Die Insel Lussin rind ihre Meeresfauna, p. 75, 1864. 
Parapseudes latifrons G. 0. Sars, ArcMv for Math, og Naturvidenskab, Vol. 
xi, p. 304, pi. viii, 1886. 



[Begin Page: Page 285] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 285 

The first pair of antenna? have the basal joint long, oblong in 
shape, the other two joints of the peduncle being short and about 
equal in length ; the flagellum consists of nine joints. 

The second pair of antennae have the second joint of the peduncle 
very long, slightly exceeding in length the first and second pedun- 
cular joints of the first pair of antennje. The second antennae are 
geniculate at the articulation of the second and third joints. The 
other three joints, following the second, are of nearly equal length. 
The flagelhim consists of a single tapering joint, furnished with 
hairs. 



The first three thoracic segments are about equai in iength, 
eiongate, the first two having their posterior angies rounded. The 
fourth, fifth and sixth segments are equai in iength, and one- 
third shorter than the first three. The seventh segment is about haif 
as iong as the preceding one, and has the posterior angies produced 
downwards. 

The segments of the abdomen are distinct, and very short, aii five 
anterior to the terminai segment being no ionger than haif the iength 
of the seventh thoracic segment. The terminai segment is iong and 
narrow, of the same width throughout its iength, except at the apex, 
where the iaterai margins are abruptiy drawn out into processes, 
which curve upwards, giving a f unnei-shaj'^ed appearance to the pos- 
terior end of the segment, which is very concave. The posterior 
margin is truncate and coarseiy denticxiiate. 

The inner branches of the uropoda do not quite reach the extremity 
of the terminai abdominai segment. The basai joint is about haif 
the iength of the terminai abdominai segment. The inner branch is 
extremeiy concave, with its entire margin denticuiate, its ventrai sur- 
face having a iongitudinai carina. The outer and superior branch is 
iong and narrow, quadranguiar and somewhat narrowed posterioi'iy, 
and from the middie siighth' curving upward, coarseiy denticuiate on 
its inner iaterai and posterior margin, the teeth being rather M'ideiy 
separated. The branches of the uropoda and the terminai abdominai 
segment are fringed with hairs. 



The first, second aad third pairs of legs are sub-cheliform. The 
second and third pairs have the propodus similar in shape to the first 
pair, but more slender and armed on their posterior margin with 
seven or eight large conspicuous spines. The other legs are longer 
and more slender, and armed with four si)ines on the anterior margin 
of both the carpus and the propodus. 



[Begin Page: Page 286] 

286 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

A number of specimens, all males, were collected by George Brown 
Goode in 18 7 6-7, at the Bermudas. 

Type specimens in Peabody Museum, Yale UniA'^ersity. Cat. No. 
3207. 

Paranthura verrillii Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 21-22. 

Body narrow, elongate. Color dark brown, with scattered black 
dots. 

Head with lateral angulations prominent, rounded, between which 
the front is excavate on either side of a small median point. Eyes 
large, situated in the lateral angulations. 



First pair of antennae iiave tine first joint of tine peduncie obiong, 
tlie otiier two sliorter and about equai in iengtii, flagellum six to 
seven jointed. Tine second pair of antennae iiave a five-jointed 
peduncie, (tine first joint being sliort and indistinct,) of wliicli tlie 
second and fiftli joints are iongest, tlie fiageiium being consoiidated 
into a singie, fiattened, tapering joint, furnislied witli liairs. 

Tlie first five tinoracic segments are of equai iengtii. Tlie sixtln is 
somewliat sliorter tlian any of tlie otiiers, and tlie seventli is liaif as 
iong as tlie sixtli. 

Tlie abdominai segments are distinct, the first five taken togetlier 
being no ionger tlian tlie seventh thoracic segment. The terminal 
abdominal segment is long and narrow, rectangular in shape, with 
margins entire. The basal joint of the ui'opoda is half as long as 
the terminal segment of the abdomen ; the inner branch is rectangu- 
lar, coarsely denticulate, and reaches the apex of the telson. The 
outer superior branch is narrow, elongate, rectangular, with mar- 
gins coarsely denticulate, the teeth being close together. 

The branches of the uropoda and the terminal abdominal segment 
are fringed with long hairs. 

The first three pairs of legs are sub-chelate. The second and third 
pairs have the posterior margin of the propodus armed with spines, 
as in the preceding species. In the following four pairs of legs the 
anterior margin of the propodus is armed with four spines. 



A single female was collected by A. E. Verrill and party in 1 898, 
at the Bermudas. Depth, 1-2 feet. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 
3186. 



[Begin Page: Page 287] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermndas. 28Y 

Colanthura Richardson, gen nov. 

Body narrow, elongate. First pair of antennae composed of four 
joints, the last joint being the flagellar joint. Second pair of antennae 
composed of five joints, the terminal joint fringed with hairs. 

The first six segments of the thorax large, the seventh very short, 
abruptly narrower than the sixth, not as wide as the abdominal 
segments and devoid of legs. 

The first three pairs of legs are sub-chelate, the three following 
pairs ambulatory. 

The abdominal segments are well defined and distinct from one 
another. The terminal abdominal segment is rounded, entire. The 
inner branch of the uropoda is likewise rounded; the outer and 
superior branch arches over the telson. 



This genus agrees with both Hyssura Norman and Stebbing and 
Cruregans Chiiton in the absence of the seventh pair of iegs, but 
diifers from the first named in the structure of the antennae, both 
pairs of antennae in ITyssura having muiti-articuiate fiageiia; in the 
striicture of the outer branch of the uropoda, Avhich in Hyssura does 
not arch over the telson; and in the structure of the mouth parts. 
Colanthura differs from Cruregans in the presence of eyes, which 
are wanting in Cruregans, and in the structure of the outer branch 
of the uropoda, the outer bi'auch in Cruregans being very narrow 
and not arching over the squamiform telson, while in Colanthura 
the outer branch is broad and arches over the rounded terminal seg- 
ment. The structure of the mouth parts is the same as found in the 
genera Paranthura, Calathura and Cruregans. 

Colanthura tenuis Richardson, sp. uov. 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 23-28. 

Bod}' narrow, elongate; surface smooth; color light yellow. Head 
with a prominent median process extending between the first pair of 
antennae. Antero-lateral angles prominent, produced, reaching the 
distal end of the first joint of the peduncle of the first pair of antennae. 
Ej'^es large, conspicuoixs. 

First pair of antennae consist of four joints, the terminal or flagellar 
joint being fringed with long hairs. The second pair of antennae 
are composed of five joints, the terminal joint being fringed with 



hai'^s. 

The first three thoracic segments are about equal in length. The 
fourth and fifth segments are each much longer than any of the 



[Begin Page: Page 288] 

288 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

three preceding segments, and are about alike in size. The sixth 
segment is short, not quite as long as any one of the first three seg- 
ments. The seventh is very short, being one-third the length of the 
sixth segment, and in both specimens examined is devoid of legs. 

The segments of the abdomen are distinct, the first five together 
not being as long as the sixth thoracic segment. The last thoracic 
segment is abruptly narrower than the sixth, and is likewise some- 
what narrower than the abdominal segments. 

The terminal segment of the body is linguiform, the posterior 
margin evenly rounded and smooth. The inner branch of the 
uropoda is likewise rounded posteriorly with a smooth margin. The 
outer and suj'^erior branch arches over the telson. Both branches, 
as well as the terminal abdominal segment, are fringed with hairs. 

The first pair of legs are cheliform, the propodus unarmed. The 
second and third pairs are also cheliform, but smaller, with the pro- 



podus armed on the posterior margin witli five spines. The three 
foiiowing pairs of iegs are ambuiatory in character. The seventh 
pair are wanting. 

Two specimens were coiiected by A. E. Verriii and party at the 
Bermudas in 1898. Both specimens are aduit femaies, the marsupium 
in one being very iarge and extending the entire iength of the thorax, 
from the second segment. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yaie University. Cat. No. 
3252. 

Antheiura afiBnis Richardson, sp. nov. 

Piate XXXVIII. Figures 29-33. 

Body nari'ow, elongate. Head with small median point. Eyes 
distinct, situated in antero-lateral angulations. 

Antennfe of both pairs with flagella consisting of severU joints, 
and fringed with long hairs at the tip. Maxillipeds consist of five 
joints. 

First three thoracic segments about equal in length. Three fol- 
lowing segments somewhat longer, and sub-equal. Seventh segment 
fully half the length of preceding segment. 

All the segments of the abdomen distinctly defined. Terminal 
segment narrowly linguiform, roundly triangulate at the apex and 



with smooth margins. 

Outer superior branch of uropoda long, oval, reaching quite to the 
exti'emit}'^ of the terminal abdominal segment, and arching over the 
telson. Inner branch with posterior margin widely rounded and 



[Begin Page: Page 289] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 289 

extending beyond telson. Both branches have the margins smooth, 
entire. 

First gnathopods with small hand. Dactylus short. Free inner 
margin of propodus furnished with hairs. Second gnathopods and 
first periopods similar in shape to, but smaller in size than, first pair 
of gnathopods. The free inner margin of the propodus is beset with 
two spines, the carpus with one spine. The remaining periopods 
have a single spine at the distal margin of the propodus and two 
spines on the carpus. 

One specimen, a female, was collected by A. E. Yerrill at the Ber- 
mudas in 1901. 

Type in Peabody Museum of Yale University. Cat. No. 3349. 

This species differs from A. elongata Norman, in the shape of the 



outer branch of the uropoda, in the length of both branches, as com- 
pared with the terminal abdominal segment, and in the fact that the 
margins of the outer branch in our species are smooth and not cren- 
ulate, as in A. elongata. 

Family Cirolanidse. 

Colopisthus Eicliardson, gen. nov. 

Head transversely elongated. Eyes situated in the middle of the 
lateral margins at the extreme edge and elevated knob-like above the 
surface. 

Both pairs of antennae short; second pair reach the posterior mar- 
gin of the first thoracic segment. 

First five abdominal segments consolidated into one short segment. 
Terminal segment strongly keeled in the median longitudinal line. 

Colopisthus parvxis, Eicliardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 33-36. 

Head transversely elliptical, the antei'ior and posterior margins 
rounded. The eyes are situated in the middle of the lateral margins 
at the extreme edge, and are elevated above the surface of the head 
like knobs. The head is concave between the eyes. 

The first pair of antennte are short, not much longer than the 



width of the head, and reach the end of the last peduncular joint of 
the second pair of antennae; the flagellum contains three joints. 

The second pair of antennte are also short, extending to the pos- 
terior margin of the first thoracic segment; flagellum consists of 
seven joints. 

Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XI. 19 January, 1903. 



[Begin Page: Page 290] 

290 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

The first thoracic segment Is longest. The others are sub-equal 
with well defined epimera. 

The first five abdominal segments are all coalesced Into one seg- 
ment. The terminal segment Is triangular and strongly keeled along 
the median longitudinal line. 

The Inner branches of the urojjoda extend beyond the tip of the 
terminal segment, are broadly oval and fringed with hairs. The 
outer branches are narrowly oval, about half as wide as the Inner 
branches, and shorter. 

Color light yellow, with numerous black dots. 



About seven specimens Avere collected by A. E. Verrlll and party 
at Bailey Bay, Bermudas, in 1898. Found at low water in corallines. 
Others werS" collected in 1901 at Waterloo, on Castle Harbor, Ber- 
mudas. 

Type specimen from the Bermudas in Peabody Museum, Yale 
University. Cat. No. 3179. 

Family Corallanidse. 

Corallana quadricornis Hansen. 

Corallana quadricornis Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. (6), natnr. og math. 
Afd., V, p. 382, pi. vii, fig. 2, 1890. 

Hab. Bermudas, at the Flatts; at Long Bird Island in the cavities 
of a massive, black keraotse sponge, living on the grassy sand-flats at 
low tide; Castle Harbor, in the same sponge. Also St. Thomas, 
West Indies. 

Family Alcironidae. 

Aleirona krebsii Hansen. 

Alcirona krebsii Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. (6), natur. og math. Afd., v, 
pp. 391-393, pi. viii, figs. 1-19, 1890. 

Plate XXXVIII. Figures 38a, 386. 



Hab. Castle Harbor, Bermudas, in the cavities of living bathing 
sponges and in dead coral. Two specimens (No. 33, 34) were 
taken from the fins of a Hamlet Grouper, in May;* St. Thomas, 
West Indies. 

* The colors of these, in life, were as follows : Ground color, pale flesh-color ; 
head and tail, yellowish brown ; seven transverse, irregular bands of yellowish 
brown, those of the middle of the body with two points projecting forward, so 
as to show a tendency to form two dorsal lines of brown. A. E. V. 



[Begin Page: Page 291] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. -221 

Family CymothoidEe. 

Nerocila acuminata Schioedte and Meinert. 

Neroeila acuminata Schicsdte and Meinert. Xatnrhist. Tidsskr. , xjii, pp. 48- 
50, pi. ill, figs. 5-6, 1881-83. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by George Brown Goode in 1876-7. 
Also recorded fi-om Beloxi, Miss,; St. Anna, Mexico ; Fort Macon, 
North Carolina. 

Family Sphseromidae. 
Cilicaea caudata (Say). 



Nesea caudata Say, Jonr. Phil. Acad., i. p. 482, 1818. Milne-Edwards, Hist. 

Nat. des Crastaces, ill, p. 219, 1840. 

C'ymodocea caudata Ives, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, p. 188, pi. vi, figs. 11-14, 

1891. 

Ciliccea caudata Richardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, xxiii, p. 536, 1901. 

Hab. Bermudas, at Harrington Sound, Castle Harbor, and the 
Flatts. Also Egg Harbor, N. J. ; Beaufort, X. C. ; No Name Key, 
Fla.'; between Salt Pond Key and Stock Island ; Key West, Fla. ; 
Sugarloaf Key, Fla. ; N. W. end St. Martin's Reef, Fla,; Sarasota 
Bay, Fla.; off Progreso, Yucatan. 

Found on the surface; also at the depth of 1 to 12 feet. 

Djmamene bermudensis (Ives). 

Cymodocea bermudensis Ives, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL. p. 194. pi. vi. figs. 
15, 16, 1891. 

Hab. Bermudas. Also Punta Rassa, Fla. ; Cedar Keys, Fla. ; Key 
West, Fla ; No Name Key, Fla. ; Sarasota Bay, Fla, ; Beaufort, N. C. 

Dynamene perforata Moore. 

Dynamene j)'^>'forata Moore, Report U. S. Fish Com., ii, pp. 173-174, pi. x. 



figs. 9-19, 1901. 

Plate XXXIX. Figure 89. 

Head broader than long ; eyes situated post-laterally. First pair 
of antennae with the first two peduncular joints large, the second 
half as long as the first ; the third joint long and slender, twice as 
long as second joint ; tiagellum consists of seven joints. The first 
two peduncular joints of the second pair of antenna? are of equal 
length ; the following three of equal length and longer than the first 
two ; the flagellura consists of about seven joints, and extends to the 
posterior margin of the third thoracic segment. 

The thoracic segments are of equal length, with the exception of 
the first, which is slightly longer. The seventh segment is produced 



[Begin Page: Page 292] 

292 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

backwards in two rounded lobes, one on either side of the median 
line, and close together. 

The first abdominal segment has two suture lines at either side, 
indicative of coalesced segments. The terminal segment is very con- 
vex at the base, and has four small tubercles, forming a square on 
the convexity. Its apex has a heart-shaped opening, formed by the 



prolongation of the lateral margins, which prolongations meet an- 
teriorly, and are divergent posteriorly, so that a triangular excava- 
tion Is formed on the posterior end of the segment Immediately 
below the heart-shaped opening. 

The two branches of the uropoda are similar In shape and size. 
They are large, very much expanded, rounded posteriorly, with mar- 
gins distinctly crenulate or denticulate, and extend some distance 
beyond the tip of the terminal abdominal segment. 

The color Is brown, with markings of black. Surface smooth, 
with the exception of the abdomen, which Is very granular. 

A number of specimens (13) were collected by George Brown 
Goode In ISVe-Y, at the Bermudas. 

Several specimens differ from the specimen described In not having 
the 7th thoracic segment pl'oduced In lobes, and are without the four 
small tubercles at base of terminal segment. Several differ In hav- 
ing the uropoda not longer than the terminal segment. 

The females do not have the heart-shaped opening In the terminal 
segment. 

Specimens described are In Peabody Museum, Yale University. 
Cat. No. 3204. 

The above species was described and figured as new, but the 
manuscript had not been sent to print when Mr. Moore's Report on 



the Porto Rican Isopoda was published, in which he described 
Dynamene perforata. 

It was thought best to publish the author's description and figures, 
for although in the text Mr, Moore mentions the fact that the 
uropoda are serrate or crenulate, he does not show this in his draw- 
ings. The figures published here bring out this point. 

Sphaeroma crenulatum Eichardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXIX. Figure 40. 

Surface of body smooth. Color, light brown, with markings of 
black. 

Head rounded in front with small median point, on either side of 
which is small excavation. Eyes situated post-laterally. 



[Begin Page: Page 293] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. -I'^'i 

First pair of autennaS with the first joint of the peduucle long ; 
second joint half as long as first ; third joint equal in length to first ; 
flagellum of five joints reaches the ])ost-]ateral margin of the head. 

Second pair of antennse extend to the middle of the first thoracic 



segment. 

Thoracic segments subequal. Lateral margins straiglit. Epimera 
distinctly separated from segments. 

First abdominal segment long, a little longer than any of the 
thoracic segments, with two suture lines. Terminal segment ver}' 
convex, surface smooth, jaosterior margin widely rounded. Uropoda 
not extending beyond tip of terminal segment. Inner branch some- 
what pointed at its extremity, margin smooth. Outer branch widely 
rounded and crenulate on the posterior edge. 

Legs similar, all ambulatory, with small curved dactyli. 

A number of specimens were collected at the Bermudas in 1 876-7, 
by George Bi-own Goode. 

Type in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 8250. 

VALVIFERA. 
Family Idoteidse. 

Idotea marina (Linuseus). 

Oniscus mannus Linnaeus, Fauna Siiecica, p. 500, 1761 ; Syst. Nat. (eel. xii), 

p. 1060, 1766. 

Oniscus tridens Scopoli, Entom. Camiolica, p. 41 .j, 1763. 



Oniscus balticus Pallas, Splc. Zool. (9), p. 67, pi. Iv, fig. 6, 1772. 
Stenosoma Irvorata Say, Jollrn. Acad. Nat. Scl. Phllad., I, p. 423, 1818. 
Idotea tricuspldata Desmarest, Diet, des Scl. Nat., xxvlll, p. 373, pi. xlvl, fig. 

11, 1823. 

Idotea Irrorata Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat Cr., Ill, p. 132, 1840. Verrlll and 

Smith, Invert. Vineyard Sd., pp. 32, 275, pi. v, fig. 23, from Report U. S. 

Comra. Fish and Fisheries, I, pp. 316, 569, 1873. Harger, Rep. U. S. Fish 

Comm., pt. 6, p. 343, pi. v, fig. 24-26, 1880. 

Idotea marina MIers, Jollrn. Linn. 6oc. Lond., xvl, p. 25-31 , 1 883. (See 

MIers for synonymy. ) 

Hab. Bermudas, at the Flatts Inlet, collected by A. E. Verrlll and 
party. Also British Isles ; Kattegat ; Baltic ; Dutch coast ; coast 
of France; Mediterranean; Black and Caspian Seas; Atlantic coast 
of North America, from Nova Scotia and the Gnlf of St. Lawrence 
to North Carolina. South America at Desterro and Rio Janeiro, 
Brazil ; New Zealand ; Bed Sea ; Java. 



[Begin Page: Page 294] 



294 H. RIcharchon — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



ASELLOTA or ASELLOIDEA. 

Family Jauiridse. 

Carpias Richardson, gen. nov. 

Head witliout rostrum ; frontal margin straight. Both pairs of 
antennae multi-articulate ; the second pair much longer than the 
body, and with a scale-like appendage articulated to the peduncle. 
Uropoda long, much longer than abdomen. 

The first pair of legs in the male are prehensile and remarkably 
long, being one and two-thirds times the length of the body ; are 
greatly enlarged distally, forming a broad club-like hand armed with 
triangular processes, to which is articulated a moveable finger, the 
propodus, likewise armed with triangular processes. 

The ambulatory legs are simple, biunguiculate, and are of normal 
structure. 

Carpias bermudensis Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXIX. Figures 42-45. Plate XL. Figure 41 . 

Surface of body smooth. Color j'ellow, with odd shaped markings 
of black. 

Head narrower than first thoracic segment, with lateral margins 
rounded, entire. Frontal margin straight, antero-lateral angles not 
produced, rounded. Eyes large, with many ocelli, and situated on 



the lateral margins of the head. 

The first pair of antenuje have the basal segment of the peduncle 
enlarged, the next two segments successively narrower, all about 
equal in length ; the flagellum is multi-articulate, composed of about 
fourteen joints. The second pair of antenna? have a scale-like 
appendage outside of the third joint ; the fourth and fifth joints are 
long, the fifth a little longer than the fourth ; the flagellum is much 
longer than the bod}'^, and is composed of about one hundred joints. 

The first thoracic segment is wider than the head ; the lateral 
mai'gins are straight, entire. The second and third segments have 
the lateral margins excavate, the anterior and posterior angles pro- 
duced, with the epimeron situated in the excavation. The fourth 
segment has the anterior angle produced, the epimeron being situ- 
ated in the excavation of the entire posterior part of the segment. 
The fifth, sixth and seventh segments have the lateral margins entire, 
the epimeron showing at the posterior part of the segment. 



[Begin Page: Page 295] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 295 

The terminal segment of the body is about as broad as long, the 
entire margin smooth, with a small rounded lobe between the basal 
joints of the uropoda. 



The uropoda are very long, much longer than the abdominal 
segment. The basal joint is about two-thirds the length of the 
abdominal segment, and is narrower at the base than at the apex. 
The two branches are of nearly equal length, the outer one being 
slightly shorter, and are longer than the basal joint. 

The first pair of legs in the male are remarkably long, being one 
-and two-thirds times the length of the body, and are prehensile. 
The basis is as long as the width of the first thoracic segment, and 
has the distal end ver'^'^ much enlarged and inflated. The ischiiim is 
not more than half the length of the basis. The merus is a little 
longer than the basis, and is enlarged at its distal end. The carpus 
is very much elongated, is longer than the ischium, is greatly 
enlarged distally, and has its upper distal margin armed with three 
large triangularly-shaped processes. The propodus has the inner sur- 
face armed with two long, sharp triangular processes, its distal end 
being widely expanded and rounded on the inner surface. The 
dactylus is biunguiculate. 

The other legs are of normal structure, ambulatory in character, 
and biunguiculate. In the female the first pair of legs are similar 
in structure and size to the other legs. 

A number of individuals were collected by George Brown Goode 
at the Bermudas. 

Type specimens in Peabod}'^ Museum, Yale University. Cat. Xo. 
3203. 



Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XXXIX. Figures 46-49. 

Body long, narrow, depressed. Color light yellow, with markings 
of black. 

Head narrowed posteriori}'^, widening anteriorly ; the antero-lateral 
angles produced into narrow acute processes, curving slightly inward; 
the anterior margin is produced in a rostrum, which is truncated, on 
either side of which is a triangular process. Eyes obliquely situated 
on the anterior portion of the head. 

First pair of antennse are placed between the two triangular pro- 
cesses and the rostrum ; the first peduncular joint is large, broad, 
the two following joints narrow ; the flagellum is composed of nine 



[Begin Page: Page 296] 

296 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bernmdas. 

joints and reachs a little beyond the middle of the fourth peduncular 
joint of the second pair of antennae. 

The second pair of antennae have the first three joints short, the 
third joint being provided with an exopod, the fourth and fifth joints 



long and of equal length ; the flagellum Is multl-artlculate. 

The first thoracic segment has the lateral margins straight, the 
anterior angles acutely produced forwards. The lateral margins of 
the second, third and fourth segment are also straight, with the 
epimera evident about the middle. 

The fifth and sixth segments have the posterior half of the lateral 
margin rounded, the epimera evident below. The seventh segment 
has the lateral margin acutely produced '^posteriorly, the epimera 
evident on the posterior margin of the segment within the processes. 
The thoracic segments are all widely separated from each other by 
deep lateral Incisions. 

The terminal segment of the body has the lateral margin produced 
backwards In two small spines, between which the posterior margin 
Is widely rounded. The uropoda are double branched, the branches 
being nearly equal In length and about as long as the basal joint. 

The first pair of legs are subchelate. In the male the carpus Is 
postero-dlstally produced In a markedly long process, Avhich extends 
half the length of the propodus. Its entire margin being fringed with 
long hairs. The propodus Is elongate. Its lower two-thirds being 
fringed with long hairs on the posterior margin, the upper third or 
distal margin being provided with three large spines, the Inner one 
being bifurcate ; the dactylus Is long and also fringed with hairs 
upon Its Inner margin, and extends half Its length beyond the last 
digital spine, almost touching the carpal process. The Ischium Is 
antero-dlstally produced In a short process. 



The other legs are simple, blungulculate. 

In the female the carpus of the first pair of legs is not produced in , 
as long a process as in the male. The propodus is shorter than in 
the male, more triangular in shape, denticulate on its distal margin, 
with a long, acute, digital spine. The dactylus does not extend be- 
yond the digital spine. The ischium is antero-distally produced in a 
process fringed with hairs. 

A number of individuals were taken by A. E. Verrill and party at 
Bailey Bay, Bermudas, in corallines, at low water, and at Harring- 
ton Sound, in 1898. Other specimens were collected at the Bermu- 
das in 1876-7 by G. B. Goode. 

Type specimens from Harrington Sound in Peabody Museum, Yale 
University. Cat. No. 3209. 



[Begin Page: Page 297] 



H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 297 



Janira minuta Richardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XXXIX. Figures 50-53. 



Surface of body smootli. Color light j'^ellow, almost white, spotted 



with black. 

Head with frontal margin straight ; eyes large, conspicuous, oblong, 
and situated at the latei'al margin. First pair of antennje with the 
three peduncular joints equal in length, the first one, however, being 
very much the broadest, the second a little stouter than the third ; 
liagellum multi-articulate, composed of about ten or eleven joints. 
The second pair of antenna? have a scale outside the thii'd joint of 
the peduncle ; flagellum multi-articulate, much longer than the body. 
Thoracic segments subequal in length. First segment with the 
lateral margin entire, epimeron not evident from a dorsal view. 
Second and third segments with margins entire, straight, epimera 
evident about the middle of the segments. Fourth segment with the 
posterior half of the lateral margin slightly excavate, the ej'^imeron 
evident in the excavation. The last three segments with the lateral 
margins entire, the epimera evident as small lobes at the post-lateral 
angles. 

The terminal segment is about as broad as long, rounded posteriorly 
with a median lobe between the peduncular joints of the uropoda. 
The uropoda extend much beyond the terminal segment, being 
longer than that segment. The outer branch is somewhat shorter 
than the inner branch ; both branches are longer than the peduncle, 
and are fringed with long hairs. 

In the female the first j'^air of legs are prehensile ; the others 
are simple walking legs, with biunguiculate dactyli. In the male, 
however, the first ])air of legs are modified, though prehensile. The 



carpal joint is very mucin eniarged and is produced on tine inside, at 
its outer distai end, in a iong, acute process, between wliicli and tine 
ai'ticuiation of tine propodus are two iong acute processes about liaif 
as iong as tine outer process. Tine propodus is simiiar to tliat of tine 
femaie ; tine dactyius is biunguicuiate. 

A number of specimens, botli maies and femaies, were coiiected by 
A. E. Verriii and party in 1898, at Castie Harbor, Bermudas. 

Type specimens in Peabody Museum, Yaie University. Cat. Nos. 
31 94 and 3261. 



[Begin Page: Page 298] 

298 H. Riclnardson — Isopods of tine Bermudas. 

Jseropsis ratlibunae Eicliardson, sp. nov. 

Piate XL. Figures 53, 54, 55a, 556, 55c. 

Body eiongate, depressed, segments iooseiy articulated ; surface 
smootli ; coior uniformly light, almost winite. 

Head witli a median excavation, on eitlner side of wliicli the fron- 
tal margin is produced into angulations. On either side of these 
angulations is another excavation, on the outside of which are lateral 
angulations. A rounded lobe is placed in the median excavation. 



The eyes are small and are situated near the lateral margins about 
half way between the anterior and posterior margins. The first pair 
of antennae consist of five joints, the two first joints being large, the 
three following ones small, the last fringed with hairs. The second 
pair of antennae have a rudimentary flagellum, consisting of five or 
six joints ; the peduncle has the third and fifth joints long and oval 
In shape, the fourth joint somewhat triangular. 

The thoracic segments are loosely articulated. The lateral mar- 
gins are straight, with no Indication of epimera. 

The terminal segment of the body Is rounded In outline, the pos- 
terior margin excavated at the Insertion of the uropoda, which do 
not extend bej'ond the edge of the segment, thus preserving the oval 
outline. Between the uropoda there Is an acute median projection. 

The legs are all simple, with blungulculate dactyll. 

One specimen was collected by A. E. Verrlll and party at the 
Bermudas, and another by G. B. Goode; from the same locality. 

Type specimens In Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 
3251. 

Six species of this genus have been heretofore described : Ja&rop- 
sls lohata Kcshler, Jmropsis marlojils Beddard, Jceropsis neo-zealan- 
dlca Chilton, Jolvopsis lohata Richardson, Jmropsis DollfusI Nor- 
man, and Jmropsis curulcor/tis (NIcolet).* The present species adds 
another to the above list. It Is named In honor of Miss Mary J. 



Rathbun. 

* Jcera curvicomis Nicolet, in Gay's Hist, de Cliiie, iii, p. 263, Zooi. Alias, 
Crust., No. 8, fig. 10, 1849. Tliis species slnoviid be referred to tlie genus 
Jceropsis. , 



[Begin Page: Page 299] 

H. Riclnardson — Isojjods of tlie Bermudas. 299 

EPICARIDEA or BOPYROIDEA. 

Famiiy Bopyridae. 
Bopyroides iatreuticoia (xissier. 

Bopyroides iatreuticoia Gissier, Am. Nat., xvi, pp. 591-594, 1883. 

Bopyrns, sp. ?, Spence Bate, Eeport of tine Scientific Resuits of tlie Expioring 

Voyage of H. M. S. Cliaiienger, xxiv, p. 582, 1888. 

Bopyroidea iatreuticoia Ricliardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1901, p. 579. 

Hab. Bermudas, parasitic on Latretites eusiferus (Miine-Edwards), 
(Spence Bate) ; Beaufort, Nortli Caroiina, parasitic on Latreutes 
ensiferiis (Miine-Edwards). 

A Bopyrid parasitic on Ciibanarius tricoior was coiiected by 



G. Brown Goode at the Bermudas in 18/6-7. 

2. — Hie Terrestrial Isopoda of tine Bermudas, toitln a Description of 
a Neio Genus of Armndillididfe. 

Dollfus, in Inis report on tine terrestrial isopoda of the Challenger 
Expedition,* recorded from the Bermudas a number of well-known 
forms common to other localities. In his list were included Tylos 
niveiis Budde-Lund, Porcellio Icevis Latreille, Metoponorthus sexfas- 
ciatus Budde-Lund, Armadillidium vidgare (Latreille), and Ligia 
exotica Roux. 

In addition to these forms, the collection made by Prof. A. E. 
Yerrill and parties at the Bermudas, in 1 898 and 1 901 , also contains 
the following described forms common to other localities : Tylos 
Latreilli Audouin and Savigny, Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt), 
and Actoniscus elUpticus Harger. 

Only three new species, one of which is also the type of a new 
genus, are described herein. 

*Bull. Soc' d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, xii, p. 1-8, 1890. 



[Begin Page: Page 300] 



300 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



ONISCOIDEA. 

Family Tylides. 

Tylos Latreilli Aiidouin and Savigny. 

Plate XL. Figure 56. 

Tylos armadillo Latreille, Cuvier Eegne animal, ed. 2, iv, p. 142, 1829. Guerin, 

Iconogr. Crust. , p. 35, pi. xxxvi, fig. 4. 

Tylos Latreilli Audouin and Savigny, Descript. de I'Egypte, p. 285-87, pi. 

xiii, fig. 1, 1827. Milne-Edwards, Hist. Crust., ill, p. 188, 1840; Eegue 

anim. Crust., pi. Ixx, bis., f. 2. Lucas, Expl. d'Alg., i, p. 73, 1849. 

Heller, Verb, zool.-bot. Ver., Wien, xvi, p. 732, 1866. Miers, Proc. Zool. 

Soc. Lond., p. 674, 1877. Budde-Lund, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 273, 274, 

1885. (See Budde-Lund for synonymy.) 

Tylos armadillo Dollfus,* Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, p. 550, 1896. 

Body elliptical in outline, very convex, and able to be contracted 
into a ball. Surface smooth or minutely granular and setigerous. 
Color yellow or light brown, marked with black spots. 

Head with front not marginate ; lateral angulations produced into 



lobes, which are truncate. Epistome forming a triangular shield, 
advancing some distance beyond the surface of the head. E'^'^es situ- 
ated post-lateral iS'^ External antennae, with a five-jointed peduncle 
and a flagellum consisting of four joints, extends to the posterior 
margin of the second thoracic segment. 

The seven thoracic segments are subequal. The epimera of the 
first segment are represented by a thickening of the lateral edge, 
which is incised or cleft posteriorly. The epimera of all the other 
segments are dorsally separated by distinct suture lines. 

The first two abdominal segments have their lateral margins cov- 
ered by the seventh thoracic segment. The three following seg- 
ments complete the elliptical outline of the body, their lateral margins 
forming a line curving inwards towards the terminal segment. The 
last abdominal segment is quadrangular in outline, its post-lateral 
angles rounded, and extends a little distance be'^'ond the epimera of 
the preceding segment. The uropoda are transformed into opercular 
valves. At the ])osterior end of each large lamellar valve is a small 
setose joint. The third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments have 

* In tbe Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, xiitb year, pi. I, fig. 4, 
1 890. Dollfus gives figures of Tylos nivcus Budde-Lund and Tylos Latreilli 
Audouin and Savigny. 



[Begin Page: Page 301] 



1 1 . Richardson — lsopo(h of the Bermudas. 301 

plates on the ventral side extending from the margin Inwards In the 
form of lamelloe, those of the fifth segment being longest and largest, 
bnt not meeting In the median line, being a little distance apart. 

The legs are simple, ambulatory. 

Three specimens were collected by Mr. J. M. Jones at the Ber- 
mudas, and about twenty more by Prof. A. E. Verrlll and party at 
the same locality In 1898. Others were collected In 1901 at Long 
Bird Is., Bermudas. 

Tylos niveus Budde-Lllncl. 

TIIJos nh-eus Budcle-Lund, Crust Isop. Terr., p. 278, 1885. Dollfus, Bull. Soc. 
d'Etudes Sclentlflques de Paris, xllth year, p. 8, pi. I, fig. 4a, 1890. 

Hab. Bermudas (Dollfus). Also Key West (Budde-Lund). 

Family Onlscldae. 
Porcelllo laevls Latr. 

Porcelllo Icevis Latrellle, Hist. Nat. des Crust, and Insectes, vll, p. 46, 1804, 
Porcelllo degeerll Audouin and Savlgny, Descrlpt. de I'Egypte, p. 389, pi. 

xlll, fig. 5. 

Porcelllo eucercus Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vl, p. 177, 1833. 



Porcellio syriacus Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 

Porcelllo musculus Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, 1833. 

Porcellio cinerascens Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 

Porcellio dtibius Brandt, Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Moscou, vi, p. 178, 1833. 

Porcellio poeyi Guerin, Comptes Eendus, p. 132, 1837. 

Porcellio urhicus Koch, Deutsch. Crust., p. 36. 

Porcellio flavipes Koch, Berichtig, etc., p. 206, pi. 8, fig. 97. 

Porcellio cubensis Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys. , Geneve, xiv, p. 477, pi. v, fig. 35, 

1858. 

Porcellio sumichrcisti Saussiire, Mem, Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 478, pi. v, 

fig. 36, 1858. 

Porcellio cotiike Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 478, pi. v, fig. 37, 

1858. 

Porcellio azfecus Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 479, pi. v, fig. 38, 

1858. 

Porcellio mexicmms Saussure, Mem. Soc. phys., Geneve, xiv, p. 479, pi. v, fig. 

39,40, 1858. 

Porcellio hevis Budde-Lund, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 138-141, 1883. (See 

Budde-Lund for synonymy and full reference.) 

Porcellio Icevin Dollfus, Bull Soc. d'Etudes Sclent, de Paris, xiith year, p. 4, 



1890. 



Habitat, Bermudas, collected by George Brown Goode. Ber- 
mudas (Dollfus). Distribution world-wide. 



[Begin Page: Page 302] 

302 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

Porcellio parvicornis Eichardson, sp. nov. 

Plate XL. Figure 57. 

Body ovate, surface marked with minute granulations. Color 
vellow, with markings of light brown. 

Head with median lobe small, widely rounded. Lateral lobes 
small, rounded. Eyes distinct, and situated on lateral lobes of head. 
Exterior antennte short, about one-third the length of the body : 
flagellum two-jointed, first joint very much shorter than second 
joint, about one third shorter. 

Thoracic segments subequal, with the exception of the first, which 
is a little longer than any of the others. 

First two abdominal segments with lateral parts hidden by the 
preceding thoracic segment. Three following segments with lateral 
parts expanded, the margins continuing the oval outlines of the body. 
Terminal segment triangular, with sides somewhat incurved and 



rounded at the apex. Basal joint of uropoda reaching a little 
more than half the length of the last abdominal segment. Inner 
branch extends a short distance beyond the terminal segment of the 
body; outer branch extends but very little beyond inner branch. 

One specimen Avas collected by A. E. Verrill at the Bermudas in 
1901. 

Type specimen in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 
3353. 

Metoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-Lmid. 

Metoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-Lnnd, Crust. Isop. Terreslria, pp. 167-168, 
1885. Dollfus, Bull. Soc. d'Etndes Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 4. 
1890. 

Hab. Bermudas (Dollfus). Also Mediterranean and Canaries, 
Madeira, Azores, Spain, France, Algeria. 

Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt). 

Porcellio pruinosus Brandt, Consp. Monogr. Crust. Isop. terrestr.,p. 19, fig. 21. 

1833. 

Porcellio macidicornis Koch, Deutschlands Crustaeeen, p. 34, 1840. Stiixberg, 

Ofversigt af Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl., No. 2, p. 55, 1875. 



Metoponorthus pruinosus Budde-Ltind, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, pp. 169, 170, 

1885. Sars, Crust of Norway, ii, pts. ix-x, p. 184, pi. Ixxx, fig. 2, pts. xi. 

xii, p. 185, 1898. (See Budde-Lund for synonymy and full reference.) 

Habitat, Bei*raudas at Harrington Sound, collected by Prof. Ran- 
kin, of Princeton ; and at Walsingham, Castle Island, and Tucker's 



[Begin Page: Page 303] 

//. Illchardson — Jtiopods of the Bermudas. 303 

Island Cave, collected by A. E. Verrill, lijoi. Also Europe, North 
America, South America, North Africa, Sumatra, Madagascar. 

Leptotrichus granulatus Eichardsoii, sp. nov. 

Plate XL. Figure 58. 

Body roughly and minutely granulated. Color light reddish or 
yellowish brown, with markings of dark brown in patches on each 
segment, forming four longitudinal rows, the two median rows not 
extending anteriorly beyond the third segment of the thorax in one 
specimen, and in the other being almost obsolete. 

The head is produced in front in a prominent rounded median lobe, 



and at the sides in iarge rounded iaterai iobes. Tine eyes are small, 
but distinct, and are placed at the base of the lateral lobes. The ex- 
ternal antennoe are very short, not reaching the anterior angle of the 
first thoracic segment. The fourth joint of the peduncle is not 
longer than the third ; the flagellum is composed of two joints, the 
first of which is about half the length of the second. 

The thoracic segments are subequal in length, the lateral parts 
broadly expanded. 

The first two abdominal segments have the lateral parts undevel- 
oped. The third, fourth and fifth segments are broadlj'^ expanded 
laterally, the outer margins foi'ming a continuous and unbroken line 
with the margins of the thoracic segments. The terminal segment 
of the abdomen extends but a distance of half its length beyond the 
epimera of the preceding segment ; its surface is smooth. The basal 
joint of the uropoda attains half the length of the terminal segment. 
The inner branch reaches the apex of tlie last segment. The outer 
branch extends half its length beyond this. 

Two specimens were collected by A. E. Verrill and party at the 
Bermudas in 1 898. They were found in dead coral at Castle Harbor. 

Type in Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No, 3333. 

This species cannot be identified with any of the described species 
of the genus: L. pcmzerii (Audouin and Savigny), L. tauricus Budde- 
Lund, L. squamatiis Budde-Lund, and L* lentus (Budde-Lund), 
although it seems more closely related to the last named than to any 



of the former. 



* See DoUfiis, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, pp. 542-543, 1896. 



[Begin Page: Page 304] 

304 H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

Family Armadillididae, 

Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille). 

Armadillo vulgaris Latreille, Hist. Crust., vii, p. 48, 1804; Gen. Crust., i, p. 

71, 1806. Leach, Edinb. EncycL, vii, p. 406. Lamarck, Hist. Nat. an. s. 

vert., V, p. 152, 1818. 

Armadillo pilularis Say, Crust. United States, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliilad., 

p. 432, 1818. 

Armadillidium vulgare Budde-Lund, Crust. Isopoda Terrestria, pp. 66-68, 1885. 

Dollfus, Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Sclent, de Paris, xiith year, p. 4, 1890. Sars, 

Crust, of Norway, ii, pts. ix-x, pi. 80, pts. xi-xii, p. 189-190, 1898. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by G, B. Goode in 1876-Y; and hy A. E. 



Verrill, in 1 901 , at Tucker's Island ; Bermudas (Dollfus). Common 
in all parts of Europe and neighboring regions of Asia and Africa; 
North America. 

Uropodias Eichardson, gen. nov. 

Head with the front produced in a prominent rounded lobe. Eyes 
small, obscure. External antennae, with a flagellum of two joints, 
the second joint the smaller of the two. 

First six thoracic segments with the lateral parts lamellarly ex- 
panded. Seventh segment as long as the six preceding segments, 
but with the lateral parts undeveloped, and not wider than the first 
two abdominal segments, which ' likewise have the lateral j'^arts or 
epimeral plates undeveloped. Abdomen not narrower than thorax, 
the lateral parts of the third, fourth and fifth segments being ex- 
panded and continuing the regular outline of the body. The abdom- 
inal segments equal in length and half as long as the thoracic 
segments. Terminal segment quadrangular in shape, the posterior 
margin produced in a median rounded lobe. The outer branch of 
the uropoda is large, broad, flattened, with rounded margins ; the 
inner branch is smaller and narrower, and rounded posteriorly. 

There are onl}'^ six pairs of legs, the appendages of the last thoracic 
segment being wanting. 

Uropodias bermudensis Eichardson, sp. nov. 



Plate XL. Figures 59, 60. 

Body very convex, able to be contracted into a ball. Surface 
smooth. Color uniformly light brown. 



[Begin Page: Page 305] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 305 

Head large, produced in front in a prominent rounded projection. 
Eyes very small, obscure, and situated about the middle of the lateral 
margin. The external antenme, with a flagellum of two joints, ex- 
tend to the middle of the first thoracic segment, and are geniculate 
at the articulation of the third and fourth joints. 

The thoracic segments are subequal in length. The seventh seg- 
ment is abruptly narrower than the preceding six, and not wider than 
the first two abdominal segments. The seventh thoracic and the 
first and second abdominal segments have the lateral parts or epi- 
meral plates undeveloped. The first six thoracic and the third, 
fourth and fifth abdominal segments have the lateral parts lamellarh''^ 
expanded, so that the regular outline of the body is preserved, the 
third abdominal segment not being narrower than the six thoracic, 
whose lateral portions extend down laterally beyond the seventh 
thoracic and the first and second abdominal. 

The terminal abdominal segment is quadrangular, with the pos- 



terior margin produced in a median rounded iobe. Tine uropoda 
extend but a sliort distance beyond tine epimerai piates of tlie fiftli 
abdominai segment. Tine outer brancli is broad, fiattened and round ; 
tlie inner brancli is smaller and narrower, and posteriorly rounded. 

There are but six pairs of legs, those of the seventh thoracic seg- 
ment being Avanting. 

A few specimens were collected by A. E. Yerrill and party at the 
Bermudas in 1898, and at Castle Island in 1901 , under stones, in dry 
places. 

Type in the Peabody Museum, Yale University. Cat. No. 3224. 

Family Trichonisaidse. 

Actoniscus ellipticus Harger. 

Act(yniscus ellipticus Harger, Am. Jour. Sci. (3), xv, p. 373, 1878 ; Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., ii, p. 157, 1879; Report U. S. Fish Comm., pt. vi, p. 309, pi. i, 
fig. 3, 1880. 

Hab. Bermudas, collected by G. B. Goode, 1876-7 (one specimen 
of a brown and yellow mottled color) ; and near Hungry Bay, 
Bermudas, near salt water under decayed sea-weed and stones, col- 
lected by A, E. Verrill in 1 901 . Savin Rock, near Ncav Haven ; 
Stony Creek, Long Island Sound. 

Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XI. 20 January, 1902. 



[Begin Page: Page 306] 

306 H. Richardso7i — Isopods of the Bermudas. 

Family Ligiidse. 

Ligia baudiniana Milne -Edwards. 

Ligia baudiniana Milne-Edwards, Hist, des Crust., ill, pp. 155-156, 1840. 
f Ligia baudiana Spence Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), i, pp. 443, 446, 1868. 
? Ligia baudiniana Saiissnre, M'^m. Soc. phys. Geneve, xiv, p. 476, 1858. 
Ligia exotica DoUfns, Bnll. Soc. d'Ettides Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 

7, 1890. 

Ligia exotica hirfitarsis DoUfus, Bnll. Soc. d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, 

xiith year, p. 7, 1890. 

Ligia baudiana Ives, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 185, 186, pi. vi, fig. 2, 

1891. 

Ligia baudiniana Richardson, Proc. United States Nat. Museum, xxiii, p. 574, 

575, 1901. 

Ligia gracilis Moore, Report U. S. Fish Comm., ii, pp. 1 61 -1 76, pi. 7-11,1 901 . 

Plate XL. Figure 61. 



Hab. Bermudas, collected by George Brown Goode In 1876-77, 
and by A. E. Verrlll and party In 1898 and 1901 ; Bermudas, col- 
ected by J. M. Jones ; Bermudas (DoUfus) ; San Juan d'Ulloa, 
Mexico (Milne-Edwards) ; Yucatan (Ives) ; Rio Janeiro (Spence 
Bate) ; Cuba (Saussure.) 

"At the Bermudas the LIgIa occurs In great abundance on the 
ledges and cliffs along all the shores. It runs with surprising activity 
and quickly seeks refuge In the cracks and crevices of the ledges, so 
that It Is not easy to capture without Injury. 

Its dark, bluish-gray color Is not particularly protective here, 
unless In the night, owing to the light color of most of the rocks, 
but on darker rocks It would be decidedly protective." A. E. V. 

It Is doubtful If the specimens found at Cayenne by MIers* and 
Identified by him as LIgIa baudlnlana really were that species. 
I am Inclined to think they should be referred to LIgIa exotica. In 
his description of them, MIers states that the antennre are very long, 
reaching In one specimen to the extremity of the body, and In the 
other specimen not quite, but almost to the extremity. The first 
was probably the male and the other the female of L. exotica. 
There has been much difference of opinion In regard to these two 
species, LIgIa balcdinlana and LIgIa exotica, the former being con- 
sidered by Budde-Lundf and DollfusJ as a synonym of the latter, 
although Dollf us states of the specimens found at the Bermudas, and 



*Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 670, 1877. 
f Crust. Isop. Terrestria, p. 267, 1885. 
X Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, xiith year, p. 7, 1890. 



[Begin Page: Page 307] 

II. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 307 

which he identified as L. exotica, that they differed from the speci- 
mens of L. exotica in his collection from Senegal in the thickness of 
the tarsus, which was furnished with long, stiff hairs in the males. 
However, he did not consider this a specific character ; it could only 
be sufficient to distinguish a variety, for which he proposed the name 
hirtitarsis. His specimens should undoubtedly be referred to Ligia 
baitdiniana, the characters of which, as a distinct species, near, 
perhaps, but not identical with Ligia exotica, I shall endeavor to 
point out. 

A comparison of male specimens of Ligia baudiniana and Ligia 
exotica show the following points of diflference : 

First, in the size and formation of the body, Ligia baudiniana 
being the smaller species, with the body more compact than in L. 
exotica, which has the segments very loosely articulated. 

Second, in the length of the antennae, which in L. baudiniana do 
not extend beyond the last segment of the thorax (which character 



is constant, being true of aii the specimens examined), wliiie in L. 
exotica tine antennae reacii tine extremity of tine body in aii tine speci- 
mens examined. 

Tlnird, in tine iengtii of tine peduncie of tine antennae, Aviiicli in L. 
baudiniana extend to tine posterior margin of tine second tinoracic 
segment, tine iast two joints being sliorter tlian in L. exotica, tine 
peduncie of wliose antennae reacli tine posterior margin of tine tliird 
tlioracic segment. 

Fourtli, in tine cliaracter of tlie first pair of iegs in tlie two species, 
tliose of L. exotica (piate xi, figs. 62a, 62^^,) liaving tlie propodus 
furnislied near tlie apex witli a conspicuous process, ovai and pro- 
duced, tlie carpus and merus not being fringed witli a tliick row of 
iong stiff liairs, wliiie those of L. baudiniana (fig. 61 ) have the pro- 
podus simple, unarmed and without a conspicuous process, the carpus 
and merus being fringed along the entire posterior margin with a 
row of long stiff hairs. 

Fifth in the shape of the terminal segment of the body, the angle 
in the middle of the posterior margin being more acutely produced 
in L. exotica than in L. baudiniana, and the lateral angulations 
being also much more produced. In the color of the two forms, L. 
baudiniana being much lighter in color, the color extending to the 
margins of the segments, while in L. exotica there is a colorless bor- 
der on the lateral and posterior edges of all the segments. 

In the females of the two species the first pair of legs are simple. 
The antennae are shoi'ter than in the males, and the peduncle of the 



[Begin Page: Page 308] 

308 S. Richardson — Isopods of the JBermiidas. 

antennse is also shorter. In the female of L. exotica the antennae do 
not quite reach the extremity of the body ; in the female of L. 
haudiniana they do not quite reach the extremity of the thorax. 
In the female of X, exotica the peduncle of the antennre extends 
only to the posterior margin of the second thoi-acic segment ; in 
the female of L. haudiniana the peduncle of the antennae does not 
extend beyond the posterior margin of the first thoracic segment. 

The species recently described by Mr. Moore* as Ligia gracilis, 
found at Porto Rico, is identical with Ligia haudiniana. The type 
specimens of Ligia gracilis, which have been placed in the U. S. 
Nat, Museum, have been carefully examined by Mr. Moore and 
myself since the publication of his paper, and exhibit the same 
characters found in Ligia haudiniana. The leg of the first pair, 
figured by Mr. Moore, is the leg of the female, which does not pre- 
sent the row of stiff hairs on the carpus and merus, as found in the 
male. 

Although Mr. Moore did not investigate the differences existing 
between L. exotica and L. haudiniana, and was misled by such 
eminent authorities as Dollfus and Budde-Lund,f who consider the 
latter species a synonym of the former, yet he regai'ded his specimens, 



when compai'ed with specimens of L. exotica, as specifically distinct. 
Although Ligia gracilis cannot be considered new, yet the fact that 
Mr. Moore considered his specimens specifically different from L. 
exotica, and his identification of them later with L. hauditiiana give 
additional weight to the view that Ligia haudiniana is distinct from 
Ligia exotica. 

* Eeport U. S. Fisli Commission, ii, pp. 1 61 -1 76, pi. 7-11,1 901 . 

f It is very doubtful if Budde-Lund ever had specimens of L. baudiniuna. He 

places L. baudiniuna in tile synonymy of L. exotica, with a question mark. 



[Begin Page: Page 309] 

H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 309 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Plate XXXVII. 

Figure 1 . — Apseudes triangulata E., sp. nov. Head, x 35. 

Figure 2. — The same. Segments of thorax and abdomen, x 1 9f . 

Figure 3. — The same. Segments of abdomen and part of uropods. x 35. 

Figure 4. — The same. First gnathopod. x 35. 

Figure 5. — The same. Second gnathopod. x 35. 



Figure 6. — A}}se\ules propinquus E., sp. nov. Head, x 35. 

Figure 7. — Tine same. Segments of tliorax and abdomen. 1 9f . 

Figure 8. — Tine same. Last four segments and part of uropods. x 35. 

Figure 9. — Tine same. First gnatliopod. x 35. 

Figure 10. — Parapseudes goodei E., sp. nov. Head and first tlnoracic segment. 

X35. 

Figure 11. — Tine same. General figure, x 1 9f . 

Figure 12. — Tine same. Abdomen witln uropods and last thoracic segment, x 35 
Figure 13. — The same. First gnathopod of female, x 35. 
Figure 14. — The same. First gnathopod of male, x 35. 

Plate XXXVIII. 

Figures 15o, 15&. — Pcoxtnthura infundibulata E.. sp. nov. Mandible and max- 

illipeds. X 33. 

Figure 1 6a. — The same. Antenna of first pair, x 33. 

Figure 1 66. — The same. Antenna of second pair. ;< 33. 

Figure 1 7. — The same. Last four thoracic segments and abdomen, x 1 1 1. 

Figure 1 8. — The same. Lateral '^new of abdomen. xll|. 

Figure 1 9. — The same. First gnathopod. x 321. 



Figure 20. — The same. Second gnathopod. x 32i. 



Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 

Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figa 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 
Figu 



e 21o. — Parantlnura verrillii E., sp. nov. Antenna of first pair, x 32i. 
e 21 6. — Tine same. Antenna of second pair, x 32i. 
e 32. — Tine same. Last two tlioracic segments and abdomen, x llf . 
e 23 — Colantlnura tenuis E., sp. nov. Head and antennsB. x 62. 
e 24. — Tine same. General figure, x 1 8|. 

e 25. — Tlie same. Abdomen and last two thoracic segments, x 62. 

e 26. — The same. Lateral view of uropoda. x62. 

e 27. — The same. First pair of legs, x 62. 

e 28. — The same. Second pair of legs, x 62. 

e 29. — Anthelura affinis E., sp. nov. General figure, x 321. 

e 30. — The same. First gnathopod. x 62. 

e 31 . — The same. Second gnathopod. x 62. 

e 32. — The same. Sixth periopod. x 62. 

e 33. — Colopisthus jxtrvun E., sp. nov. General figure, llf. 

e 34. — The same. Head and first two thoracic segments, x 18f . 

e 35. — The same. First maxilla. 32|. 

e 36. — The same. Second maxilla. 32|. 

e 37. — The same. Maxilliped. x32|. 

e 38rt. — Alcirona krehsii Hansen. First maxilla, x 32^^. 

e 386. — The same. Maxilliped. x32|. 



[Begin Page: Page 310] 



:)\{) H. Richardson — Isopods of the Bermudas. 



Plate XXXIX. 

Figure 39. — Dynamene x)'^'^'forata Moore. Last two thoracic segments and 

abdomen, x M^. 

Figure 40. — Sphceroma crenulatum R. , sp. nov. General figure, x i7}4'. 

Figure 41 . — See plate xl. 

Figure 42. — Carpias bermudensis'R., sp. nov. Mandible, x 58. 

Figure 42a. — The same. Maxilliped. x 58. 

Figure 426. — The same. First maxilla, x 58. 

Figure 42c. — The same. Second maxilla, x 58. 

Figure 43. — The same. Male operculum, x 58. 

Figure 44. — The same. Female operculum, x 58. 

Figure 45. — The same. First leg of male, x 30'^<'^. 

Figure 46. — Stenetrium stebbingi R., sp. nov. Head and first thoracic segments. 

X3034. 

Figure 47. — The same. Terminal segment of body and uropoda. x 30%. 

Figure 48. — The same. First leg of male, x 30^^. 

Figure 49. — The same. First leg of female, x 30^^. 

Figure 50. — Janira minuta E., sp. nov. Terminal segment and uropoda. x 58. 
Figure 51 . — The same. Leg of first pair of female, x 58. 
Figure 52. — The same. Leg of first pair of male, x 58. 

Plate XL. 



Figure 41 . — Carpia/ bermitdensis R., sp. nov. General figure, x 1 8f . 

Figure 53. — Jcerojjsis ratlibunce R. , sp. nov. Head and first tlioracic segment. 

x32|. 

Figure 54. — Tine same. Terminal segment and uropoda. x 32|. 
Figure 55a. — The same. Mandible. 32|. 
Figure 556. — The same. Mandible. 32|. 
Figure 55c. — The same. Maxilliped. 32|. 
Figure 56. — Tylos armadillo Latreille. Operculum. 
Figure 57. — Porcellio parvicornis K. , sp. nov. General figure. 
Figure 58. — Leptotrichus granulatus R., sp. nov. General figure, x 11 1. 
Figure 59. — Uropodias bermudensis R. , sp. nov. Head and first thoracic seg- 
ment. X 62. 
Figure 60. — The same. Abdominal segments and last two thoracic segments. 

x62. 

Figure 61 . — Ligia baudiniana Milne-Edwards. First leg of male, x llf . 

Figure 62a. — Ligia exotica Bollins. First leg. x llf . 

Figure 626. — The same. Terminal joints. xll|. 



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T'^RANS. CONN.ACAD.SCIENCE.VOL.XI. 



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Trans. Conn Acad. Science, Voi. XI. 



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TRANs. Conn. AcAD.SciENCE, Vol. XL 



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